Chapter 1 Toward Civilization (prehistory - 3000 BC)

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MCNEIL
PRODUCTIONS
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Chapter 1 The Peopling of the World(Prehistory
- 2500 BC)

• Section 1 Human Origins in Africa

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How Do We Know?

• Prehistory refers to the period of time before
  the invention of writing

• Kinds of Evidence
• Archaeology - study of early peoples through the
  examination of physical remains
• Artifacts human-made objects
• Paleontologists study fossils
• Culture unique way of life

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The Search for Human Origins

• Mary Leakey found footprints in East Africa
  (Tanzania)
• Hominids creatures that walk upright
• Donald Johanson found a complete skeleton
  (Lucy) in Ethiopia

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Old Stone Age

• Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age) - the time from
  the first tool makers to about 8,000 BC
• stone tools, fire, language

• Technology ways of applying knowledge, tools,
  and inventions to meet needs
• Homo Sapiens species name for modern humans

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Section 2Humans Try to Control Nature
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Nomads

• Nomads - move from place to place in search of
  food
• Hunter-gatherers
• Survived an Ice Age
• Cave paintings

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New Stone Age

• New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)
• About 8,000 BC, people learned to farm
• Steady food source
• Slash--Burn farming
• Domestication of animals
• population growth
• permanent villages
• River Valleys

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Ch. 1 Section 3Civilization

• Civilization complex culture
• Cities (center of trade)
• Specialized workers (artisans skilled workers)
• Institutions long-lasting pattern of
  organization
• Government system of ruling
• Record keeping
• Scribes professional record keepers
• pictographs
• Cuneiform Sumerian writing
• Advanced technology
• Bronze Age bronze tools weapons
• Transportation Invention of wheel sail