What

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Whats New and Exciting for 2004/2005
An Update on Products and Product Developments
for Greenhouse and Nursery Ornamentals
Michael Brownbridge Entomology Research
Laboratory University of Vermont
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• Broader session content to embrace IPM
  including
• New pesticides, new packaging and label changes
• Updates on use practices, compatibility, etc.
• Scouting/monitoring and detection methods
• Useful tips to improve ease of use
• New developments in biological control
• Bio-derived products

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Pest monitoring
Use of trap or sentinel plants for early
detection of insect pests
Lemon gem marigold for thrips, mites, and aphids
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Disease testing
AgDia ImmunoStrips

• New test strips for
• Clavibacter michiganensis michiganensis
• (bacterial canker in tomatoes)
• Combo strips INSV,TSWV or INSV, TSWV, CMV,
  TMV
• Individual strips for INSV, TSWV, etc.

• Possible cross-reaction of INSV test strips with
  TSWV
• Does not limit tests ability to detect INSV
  but false positives could occur

5
pH and water hardness

• affect plant growth and quality and pesticide
  performance

Many new plant varieties grow best at ph 5
general health and growth adversely affected by
alkaline water.
Pesticide efficacy adversely affected by alkaline
spray water, e.g., Floramite rapidly degraded in
alkaline water, affects residual performance.

• Check pH and hardness, correct to achieve
  optimum range, e.g. pHase5 from Griffin

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Nematodes
Produced by Becker-Underwood Sold
through AgBio Inc.
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Nematode news
Produced by Becker-Underwood Sold
through AgBio Inc.
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Nematode news
NEMASHIELD
 
Biological Control for Fungus Gnats
Based on Steinernema feltiae, newly formulated on
a water-dispersible carrier available in two
sizes containing 50 and 500 million infective
nematodes
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Atheta coriaria rove beetle
Predator of shore fly and fungus gnat larvae,
pupating thrips.
Excellent control of shore flies obtained when
released at 100 beetles per week per 5000 sq. ft
of greenhouse releases made in early morning or
late evening.
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Banker plants
For production and delivery of beneficial species
in greenhouse crops history of successful use in
greenhouse vegetable production.
Several plant/hosts under investigation for use
in ornamentals, e.g., Aphidius aphid parasitoids,
Encarsia whitefly parasitoid, Orius thrips
predator.
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Microbial controls
Metarhizium anisopliae Taenure Earth
BioSciences. For control of BVW in container
ornamentals. Beauveria bassiana BotaniGard
used with Pyreth-It, provides useful clean-up at
end of spring bedding plant season OK on blooms,
herbs, veggie transplants (Whitmire).
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PlantShield HC

                        
Biological control of root and foliar diseaseFor
Greenhouse/Nursery/Vegetable Crops

• For easier preparation of a suspension
• put PlantShield into a plastic bag
• add sufficient water to make a slurry
• twist-tie bag closed, shake vigorously
• break clumps by pinching through bag
• pour mixture into spray tank or bucket, rinse
  bag
• add remaining amount of water needed
• Also eliminates dust when mixing

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Mycostop Mix based on a strain of Streptomyces
bacterium
Useful for control of Alternaria, Botrytis,
Fusarium, Rhizochtonia, Phytophthora.

• Newly formulated for drench and seed treatments
• OMRI listed
• now available in two package sizes
• reduction in price

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Bio-derived Products Minimum-risk pesticides,
exempted from registration requirements even in
NY!!!

• E-Rase Jojoba oil whitefly control
• GC-Mite cotton seed and clove oils, garlic
  extract mites, thrips
• Hexycide rosemary and mineral oil whiteflies?
• Orange-Guard citrus seed extract aphids,
  mites
• Organocide sesame oil aphids, mites, powdery
  mildew

Very little efficacy data available on any of the
products. May be phytotoxic test on a limited
number of plants before treating a whole
greenhouse!
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• Azatin XL becomes Azatin XLT in 2005
• contains 4.5 azadirachtin
• OMRI listed
• REI increases from 4 to 12 hours

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Insecticides
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Spray Oils
Competition for Ultra-Fine Spray Oil (Whitmire)

• Synergy Super Fine spray oil emulsion (Griffin)
• - mite, insect and disease control
• - 4h REI
• - micro-emulsion process remains in suspension
  for 3 h
• - enhanced spreading/sticking, leaf coverage,
  leaf-fastness
• - protection against uv
• - OMRI listed

• PureSpray Foliar 15 (Purespray Green?) Petro
  Canada
• - used in Canada on tree crops, fruits,
  ornamentals
• - pursuing registration in the US
• - OMRI listed

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Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Pioneer products Marathon, Discus (Olympic
Horticultural Products)
New products

• Flagship (Syngenta) Thiamethoxam
• TriStar (Clearys) Acetamiprid
• Safari (Valent) Dinotefuran
• Clutch/Arena (Arvesta) Clothianidin
• More anticipated

Various formulations for spray or drench
application
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Neonicotinoid Insecticides
Similarities

• Expensive
• Long residual control
• Excellent plant safety, low mammalian toxicity
• Systemic or translaminar movement
• Active vs. piercing/sucking insects
• Variable activity against other pests
• Similar modes of action, risk of cross-resistance

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Flagship 25 WG Labeled in most NE States except NY

• Foliar sprays vs. aphids, whiteflies, scales,
  mealybugs adelgids on hemlock
• Drench vs. Japanese beetle, chafer grubs, June
  beetles
• Foliar sprays absorbed rapidly, rain-fast when
  dry
• Sprays, noticeable effects in 24-48 h drench,
  2-3 wks
• Excellent plant safety, including blooms
• 12 hour REI

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Flagship 25 WG

• Rates for foliar sprays 2-4 oz/100 gals 4-8
  oz/acre
• Drench 4 oz/100 gals, use 1/3 normal irrigation
  vol.
• probably will be revised to improve efficacy
• Resistance management
• - do not re-apply within 7-d
• - rotate with chemicals in a different class
• - limit no. applications/crop

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TriStar 70WSP - Clearys

• Wettable powder formulation in water-soluble
  bags
• 20 WP under development
• Foliar spray aphids, whiteflies, caterpillars,
  mealybugs, leafhoppers
• Label expansion for WFT, scale, leafminer,
  Japanese beetle
• Rapidly absorbed into foliage, resistant to
  photodegradation
• 2-3 week residual activity
• Excellent plant safety
• 24 hour REI (12 h applied for as a reduced-risk
  pesticide)

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TriStar 70WSP

• Rates for foliar sprays 1-6 bags/100 gals
• - 1 bag/100 gals for aphids
• - 2 bags/100 gals for mealybugs
• - 2-4 bags/100 gals for whiteflies
• Resistance management
• - do not re-apply within 7-d
• - rotate with chemicals in a different class
• - no more than 5 applications/year
• Be careful when using with spray adjuvants
• - do not use with stickers
• - spreaders, e.g., Capsil, OK

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Neonicotinoid insecticides available in 2005

• Safari EPA reg. in 8/04
• - aphids, whitefly, mealybugs
• - not effective vs. grubs
• - apply as spray or drench
• - 12 hour REI
• Clutch (Arena in ornamentals?)
• - currently undergoing registration in the US
• - foliar and soil insects in potatoes, apples,
  pears
• - greenhouse label sought

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Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)

• Talus (Sepro)
• - whiteflies, mealybugs, scales, leafhoppers
• - greenhouse and landscape ornamentals
• - Christmas trees, greenhouse tomatoes
• Chitin synthesis inhibitor, suppresses
  oviposition
• Foliar spray, activity on contact, ingestion,
  vapor action
• No systemic movement
• Excellent plant safety, compatible with
  beneficials
• includes poinsettia bracts

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• Talus
• Packaged in water-soluble bags
• Use rate depends on target pest
• Tank-mix compatible with most insecticides
• 12 hour REI
• Resistance Management
• - no more than 2 consecutive applications
• - 14-28 day re-application interval
• - similar mode of action to Adept, Citation,
  Pedestal
• - do not rotate with these products

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Pedestal registered in all NE States except NY

• For use on containerized ornamentals
• thrips, whiteflies, leafminers
• Residual activity up to 30 days
• Fairly slow-acting, effects after 3-5 d
• Safe for many plants, including blooms
• (except on poinsettia)
• Safe for many beneficials
• 12 hour REI
• Label expansion expected in 2006

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Other new pesticides in registration

• Overture (Valent)
• - Pyridalyl mode of action unknown, primarily
  contact
• - western flower thrips, various caterpillars
• - greenhouse, nursery, interiorscapes
• - proposed 12 hour REI reduced-risk status
• Aria (FMC)
• - new chemical class, pyridine-carboxamide
  (flonicamid)
• - systemic/translaminar movement
• - aphids, mealybugs, thrips, whitefly
• - causes insects to remove stylets, do not
  resume feeding
• - death due to starvation or dehydration in 2-3
  days

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Old products in new clothing

• Tame/Orthene Total Release (Whitmire)
• total release formulation
• good control of whiteflies, thrips, fungus gnat,
  
• shore fly adults
• mixed results vs. aphids
• unlike liquid tank mix, no phytotoxicity, even
• on blooms or poinsettia bracts in color
• 24 hour REI

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New information and label changes

• Distance
• do not apply to poinsettias after coloring
• when using as a drench, apply lightly to soil
• safe for several beneficial insects and mites

• Pylon
• label expansion to include foliar nematodes,
  caterpillars and
• fungus gnat larvae
• greenhouse tomatoes added to crop list
• now available in 8 oz and pint bottles

• DySyston (furidan)
• commercial use of 50 granular on outdoor
  ornamentals
• eliminated in 2005 can only be used on
  Christmas trees
• 1-2 product still available for homeowner use

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Miticides
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TetraSan WDG (Valent) not yet registered in NY

• Unique mode of action, excellent for spray
  rotation
• Translaminar activity
• Active vs. two-spotted spider mite and others
• Up to 5 weeks of residual activity
• Mite growth regulator has transovarial
  activity, eggs are non-viable
• Effects seen after 7 d, ultimately very
  effective
• Good plant safety (except poinsettia bracts),
  safe for beneficials
• Best used when mite populations still low
• Resistance management
• - sprays at least 14 d apart
• - no more than 2 applications/crop
• - at least one other mode of action between
  applications

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Registration pending

• Shuttle (Arvesta)
• new active ingredient, useful in resistance
  management
• reduced risk status, 12 hour REI
• two-spot and spruce spider mites
• no effect on cyclamen mite?
• contact activity, no systemic movement
• compatible with beneficial insects and mites
• some injury to rose flowers and tender foliage
• Judo (Olympic)
• registration expected by mid 2005
• new chemical class tetronic acids
• controls wide range of mites, all stages inc.
  eggs, adults
• some activity vs. whiteflies, thrips?
• translaminar activity

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Registration pending

• Ultiflora (Gowan Co.)
• for use on indoor and outdoor ornamentals
• assigned reduced risk status
• may be eligible for use on some edible crops
• active vs. all life stages
• very effective vs. two-spot

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Label Changes

• Floramite SC
• now registered for use on greenhouse tomatoes
• growers must have a copy of the new label prior
  to use
• rotation with two applications of an alternative
  class of miticide no longer required 2
  applications (max.) can now be made back- to-back
• Akari
• label expansion expected soon
• will allow use on outdoor ornamentals
• broad mites and cyclamen mites added to the label

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Plant Disease Management

• Milstop
• granted 1 hour REI
• re-packaged into plastic buckets
• OMRI approved
• gives excellent control of powdery and downy
  mildew

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Plant Disease Management

• OHP 6672 Ornamental Fungicide
• controls a broad range of diseases
• available in two formulations
• 12 hour REI
• Sextant Ornamental Fungicide
• labeled for several foliar diseases
• flowable formulation
• 12 hour REI
• dicarboximide family
• resistance management practices essential

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Systemic Acquired Resistance

• Messenger
• harpin protein isolated from fire blight
  bacterium
• protein signals to plant that pathogen is
  present
• activates plants defense
• reduces disease development and new infections
• Actinoguard
• similar mode of action
• activates plants immune system
• used on field-grown tomatoes

New research to assess effects on greenhouse crops
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Ornamental Herbicide

• Mogeton
• control of liverwort and moss in containerized
  ornamentals
• efficacy and safety superior to current products
• registration late 2004/2005
• if approved, will pursue Section 18 emergency
  exemption in individual states to allow grower
  testing/use

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• For making this talk possible, thanks to
• Rick Yates, Griffin Greenhouse Products
• Dan Gilrein, Cornell Cooperative Extension
• Cheryl Smith, UNH Extension
• Dick Lindquist, Olympic Horticultural Products
• Stanton Gill, Maryland Cooperative Extension
• Mary Anne Hartman, Whitmire
• Jason Fausey, Valent
• Kevin Donovan, Crompton Corp.