CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chapter 7

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CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChapter 7
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ORGANELLE OF FOCUS
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OVERALL EQUATION

• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O energy(ATP)
• Glucose Oxygen ? Carbon Dioxide Water ATP
• Adenosine triphosphate

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VOCABULARY

• Autotrophs
• Organisms that are able to produce their own
  chemical energy (food), ex. plants
• Heterotrophs
• Organisms that obtain their chemical energy from
  other sources, by eating ex. animals
• Cellular Respiration
• Breaking down organic molecules to produce energy
• Aerobic Respiration
• Oxygen present for pathway of breaking down food
• Anaerobic Respiration
• No Oxygen present - causes an alternative
  pathway

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Focus on Aerobic Pathway for Cellular Respiration

• STEPS
• 1. Glycolysis splits the glucose in half (6C
  to 3C), occurs in cytoplasm of cell
• 2. Pyruvic acid conversion loss of CO2
  produces a product ready for the next step,
  occurs in mitochondria
• 3. Kreb Cycle breaks down the remaining
  carbons from whats left of the glucose molecule,
  produces high energy products NADH and FADH2, ,
  occurs in matrix of mitochondria

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Steps continued

• -4. Electron Transport Chain a series of
  proteins along the inner membrane of mitochondria
  that pass e-
• OXYGEN is the final acceptor of
  electrons
• H build up powers ATP synthase (sound
  familiar)

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Glycolysishttp//instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/course
s/biomi290/ASM/glycolysis.dcr
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Pyruvic Acid Conversion

• Why twice?

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Kreb Cyclehttp//www2.nl.edu/jste/aerobic_respira
tion.htm

• Where does CO2 go?
• Where do NADH and FADH2 go?

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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)http//highered.mcg
raw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapte
r9/animations.html
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Summary Chart
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WHAT HAPPENS IF NO OXYGEN IS PRESENT??

• Cant do Electron Transport Chain so
• no use doing Kreb cycle. Why not?
• NADH and FADH2 have nowhere to go if ETC not
  running.

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ANAEROBIC PATHWAYS

• Alcohol Fermentation organism produce alcohol
  from pyruvic acid ex. Yeast cells
• Lactic Acid Fermentation muscle cells not
  receiving enough oxygen so they produce lactic
  acid from pyruvic acid

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Alcohol Fermentation
How many ATP?
2
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
How many ATP?
2
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Pros and Cons of Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Pros your muscle will keep working even without
  sufficient oxygen

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• Cons you feel it, lactic acid causes sore
  muscles and cramping
• Your body will get rid of lactic acid it
  diffuses into blood and goes to liver where it is
  converted back to pyruvic acid ready for O2

LIVER
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RECAPC6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O
energy (ATP)

• GLUCOSE becomes
• CO2
• Oxygen is needed
• to accept the electrons at the end of ETC
• CO2 goes
• into blood, lungs, exhaled
• Water is produced when
• O2 collects enough e- and H to become water
• ATP is produced
• in glycolysis, Kreb Cycle and mainly in ETC due
  to chemiosmosis

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• Pyruvic acid is made
• at the end of glycolysis (3C)
• NADH and FADH2 carry
• Electrons and H to the ETC
• Protons (H) build up in the due to
• Intermembrane space, ETC pushing them out
• ATP synthase allows H to and
• Back into the matrix, produces ATPs
• If no oxygen, yeast produce
• ethanol
• If no oxygen, muscle cells produce
• Lactic acid

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• The ETC produces...
• 34 ATPs
• In aerobic respiration, Pyruvic acid is converted
  to
• Acetyl CoA
• The molecule that must be recycled in the Kreb
  cycle is
• Oxaloacetic acid
• The break down of one glucose gives
• 38 total ATP

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• Autotrophs
• Make their own food/chemical energy
• Heterotrophs
• Must eat other things to obtain chemical energy
• Aerobic respiration requires
• Oxygen

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EAT AND BREATHE IT GOOD FOR YOU!
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The other half of the storyPHOTOSYNTHESIS