UNIT 1 Health Care Systems

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UNIT 1 Health Care Systems
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I. HISTORY OF HEALTH CARE

• A. Introduction
• 1. Ancient times
• a. Belief that disease and illness caused by
• b. Treatment directed toward eliminating
• 2. Later developments
• a. ____________ producing organisms discovered
• b. Treatment directed toward eliminating
• c. Copy and paste this website into your
  browser
• http//library.thinkquest.org/03oct/00923/germs.ht
  m
• Answer this question who discovered that
  bacteria causes disease and called them germs?
  What year? (Hint 1800s)
• _____________________________

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II. History of Health Care Pg 3 - 8 A. 4000
BC3000 BC Primitive Times

• Believed that illness and disease caused by
• Tribal witch doctors treated illness with
  ceremonies to drive out
• Herbs and plants used as medicines
• Do we still use herbs and plants today as
  medicine?
• Name 2 examples
• Trepanation
• What was this?
• What diseases did they think it would treat?
• If you lived in this timeframe, would you have
  complained
• about having a headache?
• Average life span

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B. 3000 BC300 BCAncient Egyptians

• Earliest people known to maintain accurate
• Who did they call upon to heal them when disease
  occurred?
• What other profession did the physicians have?
• Where did they study?
• Imhotep (2725? BC) was considered to be the first
  ___________ http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic
  _figures/
• What did they use if channels became clogged?
• What was this process called?
• What did they use magic and medicinal plants to
  treat?
• Average life span

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C. 1700 BC220 ADAncient Chinese

• What happened because of the religious
  prohibitions against dissection?
• Monitored the pulse
• Recorded a pharmacopoeia of medications based
  mainly on
• Acupuncture used to relieve
• Began the search for medical reasons for illness
• Average life span

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D. 1200 BC200 BCAncient Greeks

• Began modern medical science
• Hippocrates (460377 BC) called the Father of
• What did Hippocrates record?
• What is still used today?
• Check out this website about MD graduation
• http//www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath.html
• Aristotle (384322 BC) dissected animals and is
  called founder of
• Believed illness is a result of
• What was stressed to prevent disease?
• Average life span

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E. 753 BC410 ADAncient Romans

• First to organize medical care by providing care
  for
• Early hospitals were located
• Began public health and sanitation systems
• What did they build to carry waste materials away
  from the cities
• Filtering systems in public baths used to
• Drained marshes to reduce the incidence of
• Claudius Galen (129199?AD), a physician,
  established many medical beliefs (Hint it is
  not funny)
• What was used to treat disease
• Average life span

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F. Dark Ages 400800 AD

• Emphasis was placed on
• Study of medicine was
• What type of care did the monks and priests
  provide?
• Medications were mainly made from
• History of the barber
• Average life span was 20 to 30 years

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G. Middle Ages 8001400 AD

• Physicians began attend medical universities
• A pandemic of the bubonic plague (black death)
  killed how much of the population of Europe and
  Asia?
• Rhazes was an
• What did he use for sutures?
• Suggested blood was the cause of
• Arabs began requiring that physicians pass
  and obtain
• Average life span

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H. Renaissance 13501650 AD

• Rebirth of the science of medicine
• Artists Michelangelo (14751564) and Leonardo da
  Vinci (14521519) used dissection in order to
  draw
• Printing press allowed knowledge to be
• Andreas Vesalius (15141564) published the first
• Michael Servetus (15111553)
• Described the circulatory system in the
• Roger Bacon (1214?1294)
• Promoted what to treat disease?
• Average life span

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I. 16th and 17th Centuries

• Causes of disease were still not known many died
  from
• Ambroise Pare (15101590) known as Father of
• First to bind arteries to
• Gabriel Fallopius (15231562) Identified
  fallopian tubes in
• William Harvey (15781657) described the
  circulation
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (16321723) invented
• Bartolomeo Eustachio identified the eustachian
  tube in the
• Apothecaries (early pharmacists) did what with
  medicines?
• Average life span
• For more info, check out this website
  http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/

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J. 18th Century

• Gabriel Fahrenheit (16861736) created the first
  
• Benjamin Franklin (17061790) invented bifocals
  for glasses
• James Lind prescribed lime juice containing
  to prevent
• Edward Jenner (17491823) developed a vaccination
  for
• Average life span
• For more information about smallpox, including
• uses as a biological weapon, check out the CDC
  website http//www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/
• Fact or fiction? (movies and smallpox)
  http//www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/smallpox/disease/movie
  s.asp

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K. 19th Century

• 1881 Clara Barton founded
  
  For more information http//www.redcross.org/mus
  eum/history/brief.asp
• What did Joseph Lister start using during surgery
  to prevent infection?
• Louis Pasteur Pasteurization, proving microbes
  cause
• Gregory Mendel
• Robert Koch called the Father of
• Wilhelm Roentgen discovered Roentgenograms,
  called
• Florence Nightingale was the founder of
• Average life span

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L. 20th Century

• Army Major Walter Reed mosquitoes carry
• Sigmund Freud psychology and psychiatry
• Sir Alexander Fleming 1928 discovered
• Jonas Salk 1952 developed vaccine for
  http//www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/polio/in-s
  hort-both.htm
• Francis Crick and James Watson 1953 described the
  structure of
• AIDS was identified as a disease in
• The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
• Average life span
• For more information about Wilma Rudolph (polio),
  check this out http//www.wilmarudolph.net/