The Cooperative Principle

1
The Cooperative Principle

• ?????
• 2011?5?27?

2
?????????

• My sister is working at an ice cream shop.
• ? I have a sister.
• She has arrived in Tokyo.
• ? She is in Tokyo.
• NEGATION TEST

3
H. Sacks (1992) Lectures on Conversation.
Blackwell.

• A I have a fourteen year old son.
• B Well, thats all right.
• A I also have a dog.
• B Oh, Im sorry.

4
conversational implicature(?????)

• A Can you tell me the time?
• B Well, the milkman has come.
• Levinson 1983. Pragmatics. Cambridge UP.

5
(???)?????

• A Do you have the ability to tell me the time?
• B ?????????????? the milkman came at some
  time prior to the time of speaking.

6
??????

• A Do you have the ability to tell me the time of
  the present moment, as standardly indicated on a
  watch, and if so please do so tell me.
• B No I dont know the exact time of the
  present moment, but I can provide some
  information from which you may be able to deduce
  the approximate time, namely the milkman has
  come.

7
?????

• ????(Paul Grice)
• Grice, Paul. 1975, "Logic and Conversation." In
  Peter Cole Jerry Morgan, eds. Syntax and
  Semantics, Vol 3 Speech Acts. Academic Press.
  pp. 41-58. Steven Davis, 1991. Pragmatics A
  Reader. Oxford University Press.???

8
Grice?????????

• ???????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????

9
??????

• ?????
• (Generalized implicature)
• ?????????
• (Particularized implicature, Flouting)

10
Generalized implicature

• John has two PhDs.
• ??John has two PhDs but I don't believe this.
• Nigel has fourteen children.
• A How did Harry fare in court the other day?
• B Oh he got a fine.
• Alfred went to the store and bought some whisky.

11
FLOUTING (Quality)

• A Teheran's in Turkey isn't it, teacher?
• B And London's in Armenia I suppose.
• Queen Victoria was made of iron.
• A What if the USSR blockades the Gulf and all
  the oil?
• B Oh come now, Britain rules the seas!

12
FLOUTING (Quantity)

• If he does it, he does it.
• Either John will come or he won't.

13
FLOUTING (Relation)

• A I do think Mrs Jenkins is an old windbag,
  don't you?
• B Huh, lovely weather for March, isn't it?

14
FLOUTING (manner)

• A Let's get the kids something.
• B Okay, but I veto ICE CREAMS.
• Miss Singer sang an aria from Rigoletto.
• Miss Singer produced a series of sounds
  corresponding closely to the score of an aria
  from Rigoletto.