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Dyslexia, NLD, autism

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Dyslexia, NLD, autism an introduction Luc Roelen, MD Indigo vzw Antwerp, 14/02/2005 introduction Dyslexia learning disability Autism developmental disorder Nonverbal ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Dyslexia, NLD, autism


1
Dyslexia, NLD, autism
  • an introduction
  • Luc Roelen, MD
  • Indigo vzw
  • Antwerp, 14/02/2005

2
introduction
  • Dyslexia learning disability
  • Autism developmental disorder
  • Nonverbal learning disability

3
introduction
  • children?
  • not only in childhood
  • postponed diagnosis

4
introduction
  • adults
  • normal intelligence
  • definitions
  • diagnostic considerations

5
introduction
  • Dyslexia
  • NLD


  • Autism

6
introduction
  • hierarchy in diagnostic thinking
  • the most pervasive and most important
    problem prevails

7
dyslexia
  • difficulties
  • with the learning process of reading and/or
    spelling
  • not in relation to his intelligence

8
dyslexia
  • constitutional and persisting
  • not caused by circumstances
  • at least partly resistant to treatment
  • persisting into adulthood

9
dyslexia
  • 3 5 of the population
  • mostly hereditary
  • arising problems are dependant on the language
  • English versus Italian
  • Dutch in-between

10
dyslexia
  • investigation
  • recognise the problem
  • explaining and specification
  • differential diagnosis and co-morbidity
  • give advise

11
dyslexia
  • recognise the problem
  • taking history, collecting information
  • measuring skills (reading, spelling,
    intelligence)
  • explaining and specification
  • auditory
  • visual
  • memory, spatial abilities
  • executive functioning
  • reading comprehension

12
dyslexia
  • other problems?
  • more than 50 risk in having at least one other
    problem
  • attention deficit disorder
  • mathematics disabilities
  • fine motor problems

13
dyslexia
  • other problems?
  • part of broader problem
  • nonverbal learning disability
  • autism spectrum disorder
  • tourettes syndrome
  • secondary problems
  • self esteem
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • behavioural problems

14
nonverbal learning disability
  • bad name
  • this is not a learning disability
  • learning disability being just a part of the
    consequences

15
nonverbal learning disability
  • this is not non-verbal
  • not the opposite of verbal learning disability
  • risk of having serious dyslexia

16
nonverbal learning disability
  • constitutional and persisting
  • not caused by circumstances
  • resistant to treatment
  • persisting into adulthood

17
nonverbal learning disability
  • problems with
  • spatial abilities, orientation
  • organisation
  • complex visual memory
  • fine motor problems
  • learning (mathematics, spelling, reading, )
  • automate
  • and a recognisable
  • neuropsychological profile

18
nonverbal learning disability
  • toddlers
  • mostly rather passive, not much exploration
  • not playing with construction toys
  • verbal
  • claiming behaviour
  • hyperactive impression claiming
  • difficulties in learning to swim and bike

19
nonverbal learning disability
  • school
  • automation problems starting to read, write,
    mathematics
  • persistent learning difficulties
  • returning problems with new concepts

20
nonverbal learning disability
  • school
  • reading comprehension
  • handwriting
  • attention deficit
  • other than in AD(H)D!
  • internalising problems
  • fears, withdrawal from interaction, depression
  • others do not recognise problems

21
nonverbal learning disability
  • puberty and adolescence
  • learning problems
  • training periods, end works
  • adults
  • organisation, orientation stay difficult
  • secondary problems

22
nonverbal learning disability
  • secondary problems
  • fears
  • depression
  • obsessive-compulive disorder
  • few social skills
  • social abilities and social behaviour are also
    automation processes

23
nonverbal learning disability
  • new situations are difficult to handle
  • verbal abilities give rise to overestimation

24
nonverbal learning disability
  • nonverbal learning disability is not a
    behavioural diagnosis
  • high risk for (secondary) behavioural problems
    but core problem is automation, spatial
    abilities, organisation,
  • and neuropsychological profile

25
nonverbal learning disability
  • neuropsychological profile
  • in intelligence tests
  • in tests for spatial abilities

26
nonverbal learning disability
  • can be part of broader diagnosis
  • autism
  • gilles de la tourette syndrome

27
nonverbal learning disability
  • history
  • neuropsychological profile
  • intelligence
  • attention
  • spatial abilities
  • learning skills
  • investigate for other problems

28
autism spectrum disorder
  • pervasive developmental disorder
  • difficulties in social interaction
  • difficulties in communication
  • having unusual patterns of interests

29
autism spectrum disorder
  • constitutional and persisting
  • not caused by circumstances
  • resistant to treatment
  • persisting into adulthood

30
autism spectrum disorder
  • caused by
  • problems with theory of mind
  • problems with central coherence

31
autism spectrum disorder
  • theory of mind
  • ability to understand what others know, feel,
    intent to do,
  • being able to take the point of view of others
    into account
  • necessary for social functioning
  • necessary for normal interaction with other people

32
autism spectrum disorder
  • central coherence
  • ability to think in concepts
  • ability to see causes and consequences
  • ability to see, feel, consider the relationship
    between different objects, words, situations, ..
  • people with autism spectrum disorder think in
    details, think very concrete
  • making them inflexible and not loving changes in
    daily patterns

33
autism spectrum disorder
  • 1 in 400 people ?
  • at least 5000 adults with normal intelligence in
    Flanders
  • mostly hereditary

34
autism spectrum disorder
  • investigation
  • taking history
  • (neuropsychological) tests
  • trying to recognise problems in theory of mind
  • trying to recognise problems in central coherence

35
autism spectrum disorder
  • (neuropsychological) tests
  • co-morbidity and secondary problems
  • attention deficit
  • fears
  • depression
  • learning difficulties and disabilities

36
autism spectrum disorder
  • mostly no employment at their cognitive level
  • acceptable evolution in professional functioning
    only in 1 of 4 intelligent people with autism
    spectrum disorder

37
conclusion
  • all three leading to possible problems in
    professional functioning
  • underlying problems are frequently not recognised
    by employers and colleagues
  • even not recognised by professionals

38
the end
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