Medication Administration

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Medication Administration

• By Carolyn McCune RN, BSN, MSN, CRNP

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Percutaneous Administration

• Medications application to the skin or mucus
  membranes
• Ointments, creams, powders, lotions, solutions
  into the mouth, eye, ear, nose, or vagina.
  Medications inhaled into the lungs
• Reduced incidence of side effects but can be
  messy.

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Creams, lotions and ointments

• Creams
• Lotions
• Ointments
• Patient teaching-Very important if patient or
  family administering
• Always review the 6 patient rights for drug
  administration.

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Dressings

• Medicated dressings to treat wounds
• Some protect

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Patch Testing for Allergens

• To identify sensitivity to allergens
• The antigens are placed in direct contact with
  the skin and read in 3 and 7 days.
• May vary with testing
• A redness or swelling will occur if positive

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Nitroglycerin Ointment

• Used for relief of anginal pain
• Appying
• Always wear gloves
• Measure appriopriate amount
• Rotate application site
• Cover with plastic wrap and tape in place
• Wash hands after applying
• Education and teaching

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Transdermal Delivery Systems

• Transdermal disk-controlled release of
  medication.
• Applying the disk
• Education to patient

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Medications to Mucous Membranes

• Buccal tablets/Sublingual meds
• Technique and Education
• Eye Drops and ointments
• Techniques and Education
• Nose drops
• Techniques and Education

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Mucous Membranes Continued

• Ear drops
• Infants-pull earlobe down and back under 3 years
  of age
• Adults and over 3 years-pull up and back
• Education
• Nose drops and sprays
• Technique and Education

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Medications by Inhalation

• Nebulae-sprayed into throat by nebulizer
• Aerosols-use a flow of air or oxygen uder
  pressure to get medications into the respiratory
  tract. May be done by respiratory therapy.
• Education
• Vaginal medications(applicators, suppositories,
  and douches.
• Technique and education

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Starts Chapter 9

• Enteral meds-drugs enter directly into the GI
  tract
• Oral, tube, rectal

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Administering Meds

• Unit dose(single dose)
• Souffle cup
• Medicine cup
• dropper
• Teaspoon
• Oral syringe
• Nipple

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Enteral Administration

• Enteral-into the GI tract by oral, rectal or
  nasograstic. Safest and most conventient
• Slowest and least dependable
• NG method-if unable to swallow
• Rectal route bypassing the digestive system and
  avoids stomach irritation.

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Oral administration

• Dose forms
• Capsules
• Time released
• Lozenges
• Pills
• Tablets
• Emulsions
• Suspensions
• Syrups

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Medications by Nasogastric,Gastrostomy, or
JejunostomyTube

• Liquid form of drug if available
• Tablet form
• Always flush with water

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Rectal Suppositories and Enemas

• Technique
• Education
• Review Always use 6 medication right
• Must know how to education the patient and family
  regarding administration of meds

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Start Chapter 10

• Parenteral administration-

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Parenteral administration

• Route other than the enteral or GI tract
• Subcutaneous
• Intramuscular or
• Intravenous
• Onset more rapid, less dosage

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Administration of medications by route other than
GI tract

• This will be covered in lab
• You must know sites for SC and IM
  injections-please review prior to lab

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Intradermal Route

• Injected to produce a Wheal
• Absorption is slow
• Technique and education