Later Middle Ages

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Later Middle Ages

• S. Duff

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Christianity and Medieval Society
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The Church Shapes Society and Politics

• Clergy- church officials. Were very influential
  in medieval European culture and politics.
• Society- For many people in European Middle Ages,
  life revolved around the local church. Many
  religious ceremonies were held at the church, an
  were important moments in peoples lives.

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Cont.

• Politics- The church owned a lot of land in
  Europe because many people left their property to
  the church when they passed.
• Church officials often became political advisors
  to local rulers.

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Monks and friars
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The Monks Of The Cluny, France

• They lived apart from society.
• They established a new religious order, and
  dedicated their lives to religion with common
  rules.

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Religious Order

• A group of people who dedicate their lives to
  religion and follow common rules.

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Living Apart From Society

• They thought to be a good monk, you should live
  apart from society.
• Most monks lived apart from society, but two new
  religious orders developed for those who wanted
  to live and teach among people.

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Universities are built

• The first universities in Europe were built by
  the church.
• Religion, law, medicine, and philosophy were
  taught.

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Thomas Aquinas

• -Thomas Aquinas wrote a reasoned argument for the
  existence of God.
• -He also developed a philosophical system called
  natural law.

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Natural Law

• -Natural law was created by Thomas Aquinas.
• -Natural law is a philosophical system to show
  how God had ordered the world.

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The Church and The Arts
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Religious Architecture

• The great Gothic cathedrals of late medieval
  Europe are among the most beautiful of all
  architectural achievements.
• They included spires an. d high ceilings, and
  also colorful stained glass windows. These things
  were designed to bring people closer to God.

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Religious Art

• Everything inside the churches, from the walls to
  clergys robes to the books used, were all works
  of art.

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Magna Carta causes changes in England
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Magna Carta

• Who demanded this agreement?
• -A group of English nobles.
• In 1215, the group of English nobles forced the
  King to respect their rights. They made the King
  approve a document listing rights the king
  couldnt ignore. This document is known as the
  Magna Carta, or Great Charter.

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Effects of Magna Carta

• What were the effects of M/C?
• -The M/C led to more changes, involving war
  and financial troubles. The kings turned to a
  council of nobles for advice and money.
• What were some demands, and why were they
  important?
• - No one could be kept in jail without reason.
• - Everyone, even the king, had to obey the law.
• - Neither we nor any royal will take wood for
  our castle, or for any other purpose without
  the consent of the owner.

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What did Magna Carta inspire the noble to do?

• Magna Carta inspired the English to find more
  ways to limit the kings power.
• Soon, they created a council of nobles to advise
  the king.

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Parliament

• -The council of nobles developed into Parliament.
• -Parliament is the law-making body that governs
  England today.

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How did the King limit M/C ?

• Over time, the kings eventually freed the courts
  from their control.

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The Hundred Years War
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The Course of the War
In 1328, the king of France died with no
children. Two men claimed his throne, one French,
and other king of England. The French man became
king. This didnt sit well with the English king,
and he later invaded France. This invasion began
a long conflict between the two, that came to be
called the hundred years war.
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Joan of Arc

• A teenage peasant girl, who rallied the French
  troops. Although the English eventually captured
  and killed her, it was far too late. The French
  drove the English from their country.

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Results of the War

• This war changed the governments in England and
  France. In England, Parliaments power grew
  because the king needed Parliaments approval to
  raise money to pay for the war. In France, the
  kings power grew. During the war, the king had
  become popular with his nobles.

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Democracy in France will have to wait

• During the war, the king had become very popular
  with his nobles, so his power grew. As a result,
  the nobles supported the king after the war as
  well.

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The Black Death

• During the Hundred Years War, a new problem
  arose. This problem was the Black Death, a deadly
  plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and
  1351.

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Where it came from

• The plague originally came from central and
  eastern Asia.

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How it spread

• Traders unknowingly brought rats carrying the
  disease to Mediterranean ports.

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What happened to it?

• The

plague
has
No cure.
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Effect on Manor life and feudalism.

• How many died?
• - In England alone, about 1,000 villages were
  abandoned, and killed millions of people in
  Europe, and millions more around the world.