Later Middle Ages By J. Frazier

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The Later Middle Ages

• By J. Frazier

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Christianity in Medieval society
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The church shapes politics and society

• Clergy very influential in politics in Middle
  ages.
• Society Everything took place at the church.
• Pilgrims people who visited religious places
  were called pilgrims.
• Politics Church officials often advised the
  King on political issues.

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Monks and Friars
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The Monks of Cluny

• Dedicated lives to living for God.
• Lived apart from society.

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Friars

• Francis of Assisi Created the Franciscan order.
• Friars were religious people who lived for God.
• These friars could have no worldly possessions.
• They lived along side the people of the towns.

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Universities are built
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Thomas Aquinas

• Thomas Aquinas was a Dominican Friar.
• He came up with the concept of natural law.
• Natural law is a belief that God created a set of
  laws that should govern how the world operates.

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Universities

• During the middle ages, religious leaders begin
  to build universities so that people could get a
  good Christian education.
• Classes were similar to today in that students
  had to take tests.

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The church and the arts
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Religious architecture
- All art and architecture of the middle ages was
inspired by religious expression
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Summary
During the middle ages, religion shaped how
people thought and acted in every aspect of their
lives. In many cases, religion led to war and
death. Christianity dominated nearly all aspects
of life during the middle ages.
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Magna Carta
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Magna Carta causes changes in England

• -

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Magna Carta

• -The Great Charter or Magna Carta was a
  document written by English Lords and signed by
  King John of England.
• - It was a list of demands for rights and laws
  that all men would abide by.

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Nobles demanded these rights

• The nobles of England demanded these rights from
  King John.
• An example of the rights demanded would be the
  right to not be put in jail without given reason
  and a fair trial.

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Effects of Magna Carta
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This was an important step in establishing
democratic principles in Europe.The King would
have to obey the laws as well.
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Examples of the demands listed within Magna Carta

• 16 No man shall be forced to perform more
  service for a Knights fee, or other free
  holding of land, than is due from it.
• 31 Neither we nor any other royal official
  shall take wood for our castle, or for any other
  reason without the consent of the owner.
• 38 In future no official shall place a man on
  trial upon his own unsupported statement, without
  producing credible witnesses to the truth of it.

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Changes after Magna Carta
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Inspired by Magna Carta

• Kings turn to nobles for support in dealing with
  war and financial issues.
• These councils of Nobles would eventually lead to
  a Parliament .

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Parliament

• - Small advisory groups of Nobles that made laws
  and helped to govern England.
• - Parliament is the governing body that controls
  England even today.

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Kings attempt to limit Parliament

• -Kings attempted to limit power of parliament by
  choosing Judges that only supported the Kings
  rights.
• -These judges would attempt to only enforce laws
  that benefited the King.
• -Eventually the people demanded that judges be
  elected by the people and not chosen by the King.
• - This would eventually limit the Kings power to
  the point that he needed the approval of
  Parliament before making any decisions.

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Hundred Years War
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- The French King dies with no apparent heirs to
the throne.- Two men claim to be the rightful
new King of France. - One is the King of England
and the other is a French Man.- The War would go
back and forth for many years until- Joan of
Arc

• The course of the war

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Joan of arc

• -Joan of Arc was said to have been sent a message
  from God to free the French from the English and
  return the nation back to God.
• -She was known as The Messenger.
• -Joan of Arc led the French troops to a number of
  victories.
• -She was captured and burned alive by the
  English.
• -The French troops rallied after her death and
  quickly defeated the English.

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Results of the War

• The French nobles rallied in support of their
  King.
• English Kings would rely heavily on Parliament
  for money, thus increasing the power of
  Parliament.
• Because the French won the war, the idea of
  Democracy as founded in Magna Carta would remain
  an English concept for many years.
• France would not get democracy until the French
  Revolution many years later.

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The Black Death
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The Black death brings horror to Europe

• It came from Asia as many different diseases via
  the trade routes and shipping ports

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It spread very quickly

• Infected fleas living on rats carried the virus
  of the Bubonic Plague to most towns and cities in
  Europe.
• The towns of Europe had not yet become sanitary
  with their sewage and trash.
• This was a perfect host for the rats.
• As the people fled the towns and cities in fear
  of the death, they unknowingly carried the
  disease to the countryside.

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What was this disease
The Bubonic Plague was the main and most deadly
disease during this time.
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Effects on manor life

• - The shear number of people that died is
  undetectable.
• - It is estimated that as many as two-thirds of
  the population of Europe died.
• Due to the many people that died, Feudalism and
  manor life were wiped out.
• Europes poor peasants who survived could now
  demand higher wages.
• These peasants also found that there was much
  more food to go around.
• Many historians say that the increased food
  supply and increased wages were two of the main
  causes of the rebirth, or renaissance in Europe.

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What happened to the plague?
Nothing
It is still out there today just waiting on the
right host and opportunity
Europe , however, cleaned up its towns and
cities. They eventually discovered the cause of
the disease and how to limit the spread of the
disease by making trash and sewer more sanitary.