The Copernican Revolution

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Chapter 1

• The Copernican Revolution

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Phases of the Moon

• Phases of the Moon are caused by the relative
  positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.
• The Moon does not give off any light of its own.
  The light we see is reflected sunlight.

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6 P.M.
Midnight
Noon
6 A.M.
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Lunar Periods

• Sidereal Period
• Synodic Period

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Eclipses

• Lunar due to the Moon passing through Earths
  shadow.
• Solar due to the Earth passing through the
  Moons shadow.

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Lunar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
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The Scientific Method
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Retrograde Motion
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Epicycles
Sphere of fixed stars
Mars
Sun
Jupiter
Mercury
Venus
Saturn
Earth
Moon
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Kepler's Laws

• Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the
  Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

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Focus1
Focus2
Nothing
Sun
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Kepler's Laws

• Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the
  Sun at one focus of the ellipse.
• The line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out
  equal areas of space in equal time intervals.

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Kepler's Laws

• Each planet moves in an elliptical orbit with the
  Sun at one focus of the ellipse.
• The line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out
  equal areas of space in equal time intervals.
• The squares of the periods of the planets are
  proportional to the cubes of their average
  distances from the Sun.

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Galileo

• Telescope Observations
• The Moon
• The Milky Way
• Jupiter
• The Sun
• Venus

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Newtons Laws

• Law 1 Every object continues in its state of
  rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line,
  unless it is compelled to change that state by
  forces impressed upon it. (Law of Inertia)

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Newtons Laws

• Law 1 Every object continues in its state of
  rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line,
  unless it is compelled to change that state by
  forces impressed upon it.
• Law 2 The acceleration of an object is directly
  proportional to the net force acting on the
  object, is in the direction of the net force, and
  is inversely proportional to the mass of the
  object.

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Acceleration Force/Mass

• Acceleration Force

• Acceleration 1/Mass

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Newtons Laws

• Law 1 Every object continues in its state of
  rest, or of uniform motion in a straight line,
  unless it is compelled to change that state by
  forces impressed upon it.
• Law 2 The acceleration of an object is directly
  proportional to the net force acting on the
  object, is in the direction of the net force, and
  is inversely proportional to the mass of the
  object.
• Law 3 Whenever one object exerts a force on a
  second object, the second object exerts an equal
  and opposite force on the first.

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F m a
F m a
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Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation

• F G m1m2/r2
• (G 6.67 x 10-11 N m2/kg2)

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5 m
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