Tissue Engineering

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Tissue Engineering

• By Michael DaSilva

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Tissue Engineering

• Tissue engineering is the field of biomedical
  engineering thats goal is to create new cells
  that helps heal organs and if need be, to create
  an entirely new organ.
• The main point of tissue engineering is to make
  it easier basically reproduce organs in order to
  make peoples lives better.

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How it works

• There are three basic steps in tissue
  engineering.
• The first step is actually getting the base cells
  to work with.
• The second step is putting the altered cells into
  a scaffold in order to incubate the cells.
• The final step is to put the newly created cells
  or organ into use.

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Step 1- Creating the Materials

• The materials that are used for tissue
  engineering are actually living cells that were
  taken from somewhere else.
• These cells are then modified to whatever kind of
  cell is needed.
• There are 7 sources from where you can get these
  cells.

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7 Sources of Cells

• Autologous- Come from the person that needs the
  new cells.
• Allogenic- Come from a body from the same
  species.
• Xenogenic- Come from a different species then the
  organism theyre going into.
• Syngenic- Come from genetically identical epople.
  (Twins)
• Primary- Come from any organism.
• Secondary- Come from a cell bank.
• Stem cells- Undifferentiated cells.

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Step 2-Bioreactors and Scaffolds

• Bioreactors are used in an attempt to recreate
  realistic physiological environments so that the
  cells can grow in a natural manner.
• Once the cells are obtained, they are then put
  into a scaffold to let the cells grow into their
  new forms.
• The original problem with creating new organs was
  that they would die before they could get placed
  into the organism that needed them.
• This problem has been solved with the recent
  developments in 3D printers, which allows for
  blood vessels to be put into the new organ.

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8 Types of Scaffolds

• Nanofiber Self-Assembly
• Textiles
• Solvent Casting Particulate Leaching
• Gas Foaming
• Emulsification/Freeze-drying
• Thermally Induced Phase Separation
• Electrospinning
• CAD/CAM

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Step 3- Usage

• This step obviously is when the newly created
  cells are put into use.
• Whether they are being used to create a new organ
  via the 3D Organ Printer, or they are being used
  as new skin.

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Future

• I see tissue engineering as a very promising
  field in Biomedical engineering.
• It can solve many of the problems that people
  experience today.
• It will eventually continue to grow and become
  and make the need for a donor list obsolete as
  they will be able to just grow organs
  specifically for people.