periodic_table

1
?e???d???? ???a?a? t?? St???e???
2
?p? ta t?sse?a st???e?a t?? ???a??? ??????? sta
118 st???e?a t?? ?e???d???? ???a?a
3
(No Transcript)
4
???te ???? st?? e????a
5
? ?st???a
6
? ?e???d???? ???a?a? t?? ?e?te????ef
St?? p??a?a p?? p??te??e ? ?e?te????ef, ???e
st??? pe??e??e st???e?a µe pa??µ??e? ??µ????
?d??t?te?. ? p??t?p???a??? a?t?? p??a?a? pe??e??e
?e?? se ???sµ??e? ??se??. ? ?e?te????ef e????se
?t? sta ?e?? a?t? ?a ?p?epe ?a ?p?????? ??p??a
st???e?a, ta ?p??a de? e??a? µ???? t?te
a?a?a??f?e?. G?a ta st???e?a a?t? p???ß?e?e,
µ???sta, ?a? t? at?µ??? t??? ß????. G?a
pa??de??µa, µeta?? t?? asßest??? Ca (Ar40) ?a?
t?? ??ta???? Ti (Ar48) ? ?e?te????ef p???ß?e?e
?t? ?p?epe ?a ?p???e? ??a st???e?? µe at?µ???
ß???? pe??p?? 44. ? a?a?????? t?? S???d??? Sc µe
Ar45 t? 1879 ap? t?? ???s?? ep?ßeßa??se t??
p??ß???e?? t?? p??a?a t?? ?e?te????ef.
?ts? µe t?? p??a?a a?t?? ? ?e?te????ef p??????se
st? d?at?p?s? t?? ?e???d???? ??µ?? t?? ??µ????
st???e??? s?µf??a µe t?? ?p??? ?? ??µ????
?d??t?te? t?? st???e??? e??a? pe???d??? s????t?s?
t?? at?µ???? t??? ß?????. ?a???a a?t? ? p??a?a?
t?? ?e?te????ef pe??e??e µe????? ap????se?? ap?
t?? ??µ? a?t? ?a??? t? st???e?? ??d?? ? (Ar127)
t?p??et????e µet? t? st???e?? ?e?????? Te
(Ar127,6) ?ts? ?ste ta st???e?a a?t? ?a a??????
st?? ?µ?de? µe t?? ?d?e? ??µ???? ?d??t?te?. ??
ap????se?? a?t?? e???????a? a???te?a t? 1913 ap?
t?? ??s?e? p?? epa?ad?at?p?se t?? ?e???d???
??µ?. S?µf??a µe t?? ??µ? t?? ??s?e?, p?? ?s??e?
µ???? s?µe?a, ?? ??µ???? ?d??t?te? t?? st???e???
e??a? pe???d??? s????t?s? t?? at?µ???? t???
a???µ??.
7
Sta µ?sa t?? 19?? a???a ?? ep?st?µ??e?, p??
as??????ta? µe t? ??µe?a, e??a? ?ata????e? ta
at?µ??? ß??? ???? t?? t?te ???st?? ??µ????
st???e??? ?a? t?? ??µ???? t??? ?d??t?te?. ?a???
pa?at????sa? ?t? ???sµ??a st???e?a e??a?
pa??µ??e? ??µ???? ?d??t?te?, p??spa???sa? ?a
a?a?a?????? ??p??a s??s? µeta?? t?? ??µ????
?d??t?t?? t?? st???e??? ?a? t??at?µ???? t???
ß?????. ?? 1858 ? ?ta??? Sta??s???
?a??t???? (Stanislao Canizzaro) d?µ?s?e?se t??
p??t? a???p?st? p??a?a at?µ???? ßa???. ???et??
??µ???? ???s?µ?p???sa? t?? p????f???e? p??
pa?e??e a?t?? ? p??a?a? ??a ?a d?at????? ta µ????
t?te ???st? ??µ??? st???e?a se a????sa se???
at?µ???? ß?????. ??t? p?? pa?at???sa? ?ta?
µ?a pe???d??? epa?????? pa??µ???? pe??stat???? se
ta?t? d?ast?µata. ?? 1868 ? ??s??
??µ???? ?e?te????ef (??????? ???????? ?????????
(1834-1907)), st?????µe??? se µ?a pa?a??te?? ?d?a
t?? ???? ?????a?t? (John Newlands)1 ?a? ????e? (
Julius Lothar Meyer(1830-1895)), ?at?ta?e ta
???st? st???e?a se ??a? p??a?a p?? pe??e??µßa?e
??t? st??e? µe ß?s? ta at?µ??? t??? ß???. ?e??p??
t?? ?d?a pe???d?, ? Ge?µa??? G????????
????e? (Julius Lothar Meyer) a?a?????e ??a
pa??µ??? epa?a??pt??? µ?t?ß? ??a ta ??µ???
st???e?a. Ost?s?, ??a? ???t?? ?a??st???se t?
d?µ?s?e?s? t?? ?????? t?? ????e?, ?p?te t? ?????
t?? ?e?te????ef d?µ?s?e?t??e p??t?. St?? p??a?a
p?? p??te??e ? ?e?te????ef, ???e st??? pe??e??e
st???e?a µe pa??µ??e? ??µ???? ?d??t?te?. ?
p??t?p???a??? a?t?? p??a?a? pe??e??e ?e?? se
???sµ??e? ??se??. ? ?e?te????ef e????se ?t? sta
?e?? a?t? ?a ?p?epe ?a ?p?????? ??p??a st???e?a,
ta ?p??a de? e??a? µ???? t?te a?a?a??f?e?. G?a ta
st???e?a a?t? p???ß?e?e, µ???sta, ?a? t? at?µ???
t??? ß????. G?a pa??de??µa, µeta?? t?? asßest???
Ca (Ar40) ?a? t?? ??ta???? Ti (Ar48) ?
?e?te????ef p???ß?e?e ?t? ?p?epe ?a ?p???e? ??a
st???e?? µe at?µ??? ß???? pe??p?? 44. ? a?a??????
t?? S???d??? Sc µe Ar45 t? 1879 ap?
t?? ???s?? ep?ßeßa??se t?? p??ß???e?? t?? p??a?a
t?? ?e?te????ef. ?ts? µe t?? p??a?a a?t?? ?
?e?te????ef p??????se st? d?at?p?s?
t?? ?e???d???? ??µ?? t?? ??µ???? st???e???
s?µf??a µe t?? ?p??? ?? ??µ???? ?d??t?te? t??
st???e??? e??a? pe???d??? s????t?s? t?? at?µ????
t??? ß?????. ?a???a a?t? ? p??a?a? t??
?e?te????ef pe??e??e µe????? ap????se?? ap? t??
??µ? a?t? ?a??? t? st???e?? ??d?? ? (Ar127)
t?p??et????e µet? t? st???e?? ?e?????? Te
(Ar127,6) ?ts? ?ste ta st???e?a a?t? ?a a??????
st?? ?µ?de? µe t?? ?d?e? ??µ???? ?d??t?te?. ??
ap????se?? a?t?? e???????a? a???te?a t? 1913 ap?
t?? ??s?e? p?? epa?ad?at?p?se t?? ?e???d??? ??µ?.
S?µf??a µe t?? ??µ? t?? ??s?e?, p?? ?s??e? µ????
s?µe?a, ?? ??µ???? ?d??t?te? t?? st???e??? e??a?
pe???d??? s????t?s? t?? at?µ???? t??? a???µ??.
? ?e???d???? ???a?a? t?? ?e?te????ef
?e 127,6
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(No Transcript)
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?µ?de? 1 (??), a?????a 2(???), a??a?????
?a?e? 3(???B) 4(?V?) 5(VB) 6(VIB) 7(VIIB) 8,9,10(V
IIIB) 11(IVB) 12(IIB) 13(IIIA),
?a?e? 14(IVA) 15(VA) 16(VIA) 17(VIIA),
a?????a 18(VIIIA), e??e?? a???a
???e ?µ?da pe???aµß??e? st???e?a µe a?????e?
?d??t?te?. St???e?a p?? a?????? st?? ?d?a ????a
?µ?da ????? t?? ?d?? a???µ? ??e?t?????? st?
e??te???? st??ß?da , ? ?p???? e??a? ?d??? µe t??
a????ta a???µ? t?? ?µ?da?
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• ? s???????? ?e???d???? ???a?a? d?µe?ta? ap?
• ??????t?e? se???? p?? ???µ????ta? pe???d??

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1? , 2 st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? ?) 2? , 8
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? L) 3? , 8
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? M) 4? , 18
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? ?) 5? , 18
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? ?) 6? , 32
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? P ) 7? , 26
st???e?a (e??te???? st??ß?da ? Q )
???e pe???d?? pe???aµß??e? st???e?a µe t?? ?d??
a???µ? st??ß?d??. ? a???µ?? t?? pe???d?? de???e?
t?? a???µ? t?? st??ß?d?? st?? ?p??e? ?????
?ata?e?µe? ta ??e?t????? t???
?? ?a??a??de? ?a? a?t???de? ?p?epe ?a
t?p??et????? st? ??s? t?? La ?a? ?c a?t?st???a,
a??? ???? s???st?sµ?? t?p??et???ta? ??? ap? t?
?????? s?µa
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??a? S???????? ????????? ?e???d???? ???a?a?
????e? ?µ?de? e??a? ?? 1,2,13,14,15,16,17,18 ?
?? ?µ?de? ??, ???, ????, ?VA, VA, VIA, VIIA,
VIIIA
13
?? d??µe ??a ??ad?ast??? ?e???d??? ???a?a ??a ?a
e????e?????µe. ???te ???? ed?.
?a 20 p??ta st???e?a???te ???? ed?
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?ata??µ? ??e?t?????? se st??ß?de? t?? p??t?? 20
st???e???
Z St???e?? ? L M N
1 H ?d?????? 1
2 He ???? 2
3 Li ????? 2 1
4 Be ???????? 2 2
5 B ????? 2 3
6 C ????a?a? 2 4
7 N ???t? 2 5
8 O ??????? 2 6
9 F F????? 2 7
10 Ne ??? 2 8
11 Na ??t??? 2 8 1
12 Mg ?a???s?? 2 8 2
13 Al ??????? 2 8 3
14 Si ????t?? 2 8 4
15 P F?sf???? 2 8 5
16 S Te?? 2 8 6
17 Cl ?????? 2 8 7
18 Ar ???? 2 8 8
19 K ????? 2 8 8 1
20 Ca ?sß?st?? 2 8 8 2
15
?a???? ??a e??s??s?!!! ???te ???? ed?
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?? ß????µe a?t? ta st???e?a st? s?st? ??s?!!!
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?µ?da ??
?µ?da ???
1?
2? pe???d?? ??a ??e?t????a ?ata?eµ?µ??a st??
st??ß?de? ?, L. IIA ?µ?da ??a 2 ??e?t????a st?
e??te????. ??a ?2, L2, ep?µ???? ?4, d??ad?
e??a? t? Be.
?e
2?
pe???d??
3?
4?
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?? ß????µe a?t? ta st???e?a st? s?st? ??s?!!!
19
?µ?da VI??
?µ?da VI?I?
1?
2?
pe???d??
3?
?µµµ..VIII ?µ?da ,..??a 8 ??e?t????a st??
e??te????, 4? pe???d??, ??a 2,8,18,8, ep?µ????
?36
Kr
4?
20
F???? a???????s?? 1
St? de??? st??? t?? p??a?a 1 ????te ? a? t?
st???e?? e??a? ??ta??? ?a? ? a? e??a? ?µ?ta???
St? de??? st??? t?? p??a?a 2 ????te ? a? t?
st???e?? e??a? ?????, ? a? e??a? ???? ?a? S a?
t? st???e?? e??a? Ste?e? (s?????e? ?e?µ???as?a?
?a? p?es?? ?? s?????sµ??e?)
???a?a? 1
Na (??t???)
N (???t?)
Cl (??????)
Ca (?sß?st??)
Fe (S?d????)
P (F?sf????)
???a?a? 2
Hg ( ?d????????)
O (???????)
Br(???µ??)
Cu (?a????)
Si (????t??)
He (????)
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?pa?t?se??
???a?a? 1
Na (??t???) ?
N (???t?) ?
Cl (??????) ?
Ca (?sß?st??) ?
Fe (S?d????) ?
P (F?sf????) ?
???a?a? 2
Hg ( ?d????????) ?
O (???????) ?
Br(???µ??) ?
Cu (?a????) S
Si (????t??) S
He (????) ?
22
F???? a???????s?? 2
?a s?µp????sete t?? pa?a??t? p??a?a
St???e?? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ?µ?da ?e???d??
St???e?? ? L M N O - -
? 1 - - - -
Ca 2 8 8 2 -
Br 2 8 18 - VIIA
O 2 - - - VIA
Na 2 8 IA 3
Si 2 - - IVA
23
?? s?st?? apa?t?se??
St???e?? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ??e?t????a?? d?µ? se st?ß?de? ?µ?da ?e???d??
St???e?? ? L M N O
? 1 - - - - ? 1
Ca 2 8 8 2 - ??? 4
Br 2 8 18 7 - VIIA 4
O 2 6 - - - VIA 2
Na 2 8 1 - - IA 3
Si 2 8 4 - - IVA 3
24
Sta????e??
2
??????t???
1

• ???eta? ? ??????t?a se??? t?? ?.?
• St???e?? apa?a?t?t? ??a ta ????a?a
• ????? a?t? de? ?p???e? ???
• St???e?? p?? s???????e?
• ? p??t? ?µ?da t?? ?.?
• ?? p??t? st???e?? t?? V??? ?µ?da? t?? ?.?
• ?? de?te?? st???e?? t?? ?? ?µ?da?
• t?? ?.?
• 8. ???eta? ? ???et? st??? t?? ?.?

1
3
2
4
3
5
4
5
6
?a??t??
6

1. ??ta??? p?? a?a??????eta?
2. ? VIIA ?µ?da t?? ?.?
3. ? VIIIA ?µ?da t?? ?.?(2 ???e??)
4. ?? st???e?? µe ?1
5. ??p??et???ta? se se??? st? ??t? µ???? t?? ?.?
6. ?epta??e? t?? f???
7. ????? p?? ???s?µ?p??e?ta? st?? f?te????
   d?af?µ?se??

7
7
8
25
??s?
?
26

• ???s?µe? s??d?se??
• ? ????????? ?e???d???? ???a?a?
• http//www.ptable.com/
• ? ?e???d???? ???a?a? t?? Video? (t?? st???e???)
  http//www.periodicvideos.com/
• ????pa?de?a
• el.wikipedia.org
• ? ?.? t?? Pepsicom
• http//www.popsci.com/files/periodic_popup.html
• ?.? ?a? ??e?t????a?? d?µ?
• http//acswebcontent.acs.org/games/pt.html
• ??ad?ast???? ?.?
• http//www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/perio
  dic_table.html

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• ??ß?????af?a
• ??µe?a ?????e???
• S.???d????, ?.G????, ?.Te?d???p?????,
  ?.Te?d???p?????, ?.?????
• ????pa?de?a
• F?t???af?e? ??ad??t??
• Video Youtube
• ??ad?ast???? ?.? fresney.com