??? ???? (The social dimension )

1
???????(The social dimension )

• ??????????
• ? ? ???

2
????

• ??????????? (p115)
• ??????????,????????????????(context)
• context????????
• ??(space)??(setting)??(situation)??(territory)??(l
  ocus)??(milieu)??(environment)

3
????

• ??????(Ecological Systems Theory)(p115)
• ??????(Modern functionalism)(p118)
• ????(Conflict Theories)(p120)
• ????????(Postmodernism and theories of
  Society)(p120)

4
??????

• ??(ecology)
• ???????????????????
• ??????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????????

5
??????

• Brim and Bronfenbrenner??????????(p116117)
• Microsystem(????)??????????????
• Mesosystem(????)?????????(???)????????????,?????
  ?????????????????
• Exosystem(????)???????????????????????????
• Macrosystem(????)???????????(??),????????????????
  ?

6
??????

• ??????????????????????????(p117?4.1)

7
????(The Ecological Perspective)????

• ??????????????????????(Ecosystems theory)
• ????????????????????????????
• ????????????????,?????????????,???????????????
• ???Zastrow, C. Kirst-Ashman, K.K.(2001).
  Understanding human behavior and the social
  environment. (5th ed.) Belmont, CA
  Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Inc..

8
????(The Ecological Perspective)????

• ????
• ????(Social environment)
• ?????????????,?????????????????
• ??(Transactions)
• ?????????????,???????
• ??(Energy)(p.12)
• ??????????????????

9
????(The Ecological Perspective)????

• ????
• ??(Interface)
• ??????????,??????????????????
• ??(Adaptation)
• ?????????????,?????????
• ??(Coping)(p.13)
• ???????,??????????????????????,????,??????????????
  
• ??(Interdependence)
• ?????????????

10
????

• ????????????
• ??
• ?????????????????????????????????
• ??
• ???????????,???????????,??????????????????

11
????

• ????????????
• ??
• ????????????????
• ??
• ????????????????
• ????
• ???????????????
• ????
• ?????????????????

12
??????

• ???(ecomap)????SWr??????????????????(p118?4.2)

13
????

• familiness(???)?????????????(p122)
• ??????????????
• ????,??????,??????,????????(??????????????)

14
??????

• ???????4.4(p125)
• ????,????????
• ??????????,??U???,?4.5 (p126)

15
??

• ????????(p130)
• ??????,???????????,??
• ????(formed group)????????????,????????
• ????(natural group)?????????????????????

16
??

• ??(treatment)vs.??(task)??
• ????(p132)
• ????????????
• ?????????????????
• ????
• ???????????????

17
??

• ??(treatment)vs.??(task)??
• ????????????,???????????????????
• ??(rehabilitation)
• ?????(habilitation)
• ??(correction)
• ???(socialization)
• ??(prevention)
• ????(social action)
• ????(problem solving)
• ??????(developing social values)

18
????

• ??????(social support systems)
• ???????????,???????,????????????(p136)
• Germain ??
• ????(formal organizations)
• ????(formed groups)
• ????(self-help groups)
• ????(social networks)
• ?????(natural helpers)

19
????

• ????????? (self-help/ mutual-aid groups)
• ??????????
• ?????????(p137)
• ????(social change groups)?????????,?????????
• ????(personal coping groups)??????,???????????
• ?????p138?4.9

20
????

• ?????(natural helpers)
• ??????????????,????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ?????????

21
????

• ??(community)(p141)
• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• ????(sense of community)
• ????????????????????,???????????

22
????

• ??(community)(p142)
• ??????????????????????,????????(???? cyber
  associations)?????
• ???????????

23
?????

• ????????(p143)
• ????(formal organizations)
• ??????????,?????????
• ??????????
• ????????????,????????(?????)

24
?????

• ????(Bureaucracy)(p143-146)
• Max Weber???????
• ????
• ?????
• ??????

25
?????

• ????(social institutions)
• ???????????????(P146)
• ??????????????????,?????????????
• ????????????????????,???????
• SW??????,????????????

26
?????????

• ????????(diversity),??????????????????????????????
  ??(discrimination)???(stigmatization)??(p147)

27
?????????

• ??(discrimination)
• ??????(?????????),??????????????(prejudice)
• ??(stigmatization)
• ??????????(invisible sign of disapproval),????????
  ???????????,?????????????

28
?????????

• ??(racial)???(ethnic)
• ???????(???Zastrow, C. Kirst-Ashman,
  K.K.(2001). Understanding human behavior and the
  social environment. (5th ed.) Belmont, CA
  Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Inc..)

29
???????????

• ????(ethnic groups)(p.204)
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????(ethnocentrism)
• ???????,?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????

30
???????

• ?????????????
• ??(race)(p.205)
• ???????????,??????????????????????
• ????????
• ????(ethnic group)??????????(diverse racial
  groups)
• ??????(racism)
• ??????????????,??????????????????????????

31
Definition of race

• The term race refers to the concept of dividing
  people into populations or groups on the basis of
  various sets of characteristics and beliefs about
  common ancestry(?????).1 The most widely used
  human racial categories are based on visible
  traits (especially skin color, facial features
  and hair texture), and self-identification.2
• ???Wikipedia

32
Definition of ethnicity

• Those human groups that entertain a subjective
  belief in their common descent(?????) because of
  similarities of physical type or of customs or
  both, or because of memories of colonization and
  migration this belief must be important for
  group formation furthermore it does not matter
  whether an objective blood relationship
  exists.6
• ???Wikipedia

33
Ethnicity and race

• Ethnicity and race are related concepts in that
  both are usually defined in terms of shared
  genealogy.11 (???????)Often, ethnicity also
  connotes shared cultural, linguistic, behavioural
  or religious traits. Race, by contrast, refers to
  some concentrations(?????), as relative to
  frequency and distribution, of hereditary(??)
  particles (genes) and physical characters, which
  appear, fluctuate(??), and often disappear in the
  course of time by reason of geographic and or
  cultural isolation.
• ???Wikipedia

34
Ethnicity and race

• In 1950, the UNESCO (???????????? )statement The
  Race Question, signed by some of the
  internationally renowned scholars of the time
  (including Ashley Montagu, Claude Lévi-Strauss,
  Gunnar Myrdal, Julian Huxley, etc.), suggested
  that National, religious, geographic,
  linguistic and cultural groups do not necessarily
  coincide(??) with racial groups and the cultural
  traits of such groups have no demonstrated
  genetic connection with racial traits. Because
  serious errors of this kind are habitually(???)
  committed when the term race is used in popular
  parlance(????), it would be better when speaking
  of human races to drop the term race altogether
  and speak of 'ethnic groups'." 12
• ???Wikipedia

35
?????????

• ??(prejudice)(p151)
• ?????????????
• ?????(beliefs)???(overt action)???(emotional)???
• ????(stereotype)
• ??????????,???????????,????????
• ?????????,????????

36
?????????

• ?????(institutional discrimination)(p152)
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????,??????????(inequalities)
• ?????subtle????
• ??
• ??????????????

37
?????

• ??(sex)(p157)
• ?????????????????????
• ??(gender)
• ???????????????????????(socially constructed
  concept)

38
?????

• ????(sexism)
• ??????????????????,?????,??????????????????
• ???Zastrow, C. Kirst-Ashman, K.K.(2001).
  Understanding human behavior and the social
  environment. (5th ed.) Belmont, CA
  Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Inc..

39
?????

• ?????(gender polarization)p158
• ????????(male)??(female)??????????
• ??????????????????????

40
????

• Feminism comprises a number of social, cultural
  and political movements, theories and moral
  philosophies concerned with gender inequalities
  and equal rights for women.
• ???Wikipedia

41
????

• Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into
  theoretical, or philosophical, ground. It
  encompasses work done in a broad variety of
  disciplines, prominently including the approaches
  to women's roles and lives and feminist politics
  in anthropology and sociology, psychoanalysis,
  economics, women's and gender studies, feminist
  literary criticism, and philosophy especially
  Continental philosophy
• ???Wikipedia

42
????

• Feminist theory aims to understand the nature of
  inequality and focuses on gender politics, power
  relations and sexuality. While generally
  providing a critique of social relations, much of
  feminist theory also focuses on analyzing gender
  inequality and the promotion of womens rights,
  interests, and issues. Themes explored in
  feminism include art history 2and contemporary
  art34, aesthetics(????) 56,
  discrimination, stereotyping, objectification
  (especially sexual objectification), oppression,
  and patriarchy
• ???Wikipedia

43
??????

• Liberal feminism
• Radical feminism
• Individualist feminism
• Black feminism
• Socialist and marxist feminisms
• Post-structural feminism and postmodern feminism
• Postcolonial feminism and third-world feminism
• Ecofeminism
• Post-feminism
• Riot Grrrl Feminism
• ???Wikipedia

44
?????????

• Civil rights
• Feminism has effected many changes in Western
  society, including womens suffrage(???), broad
  employment for women at more equitable wages, the
  right to initiate divorce proceedings and the
  introduction of "no fault" divorce, the right to
  obtain contraception and safe abortions, and
  access to university education.
• ???Wikipedia

45
?????????

• Language
• Gender-neutral language is a description of
  language usages which are aimed at minimizing
  assumptions regarding the biological sex of human
  referents.
• ???Wikipedia

46
?????????

• Heterosexual relationships
• Feminist criticisms of men's contributions to
  child care and domestic labor in the Western
  middle class are typically centered around the
  idea that it is unfair for women to be expected
  to perform more than half of a household's
  domestic work and child care when both members of
  the relationship also work outside the home.
• ???Wikipedia

47
?????????

• Religion
• Feminist theology is a movement that reconsiders
  the traditions, practices, scriptures(??), and
  theologies of their religion from a feminist
  perspective.
• Some of the goals of feminist theology include
  increasing the role of women among the clergy and
  religious authorities, reinterpreting
  male-dominated imagery and language about God,
  determining womens place in relation to career
  and motherhood, and studying images of women in
  the religions sacred texts(????).
• ???Wikipedia

48
?????????

• ????(oppression)p159161
• ????????
• ???(homophobia)
• ?????????????
• ???(sexual orientation)