Monster Cows: Belgian Blue Cattle, 80% meat

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Monster Cows Belgian Blue Cattle, 80 meat
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• Originated in the early 1900s Farmers
  selectively bred for the double muscled
  appearance, and from the 1960s on genetic
  selection techniques enhanced the trait. A
  carcass can be up to 80 meat. They are so
  muscled they often cannont give birth without
  C-Section. What trait? Do they have crazy
  exercise? Well that helps with the tone, however
  they have a defective myostatin gene. Theyre
  growth supressor is inhibited. So nothing keeps
  them from growing. What kinds of disease could
  we use this genetic mutation to treat?

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Dissections comparing normal, heterozygous, and
homozygous mice
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Myostatin

• A growth factor (hormone) that surpresses muscle
  growth.
• Slows down development of muscle stem cells
• In 2002, researchers at the University of
  Pennsylvania showed that monoclonal antibody
  specific to myostatin improves the condition of
  mice with muscular dystrophy, presumably by
  blocking myostatin's action.

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The number of fibers is probably fixed early in
life. This is regulated by myostatin, a cytokine
that is synthesized in muscle cells (and
circulates as a hormone later in life). Myostatin
suppresses skeletal muscle development. Cattle
and mice with inactivating mutations in their
myostatin genes develop much larger muscles. Some
athletes and other remarkably strong people have
been found to carry one mutant myostatin gene.
These discoveries have already led to the growth
of an illicit market in drugs supposedly able to
suppress myostatin. However these are only fake
drugs so far. In adults, increased strength and
muscle mass comes about through an increase in
the thickness of the individual fibers and
increase in the amount of connective tissue. In
the mouse, at least, fibers increase in size by
attracting more myoblasts to fuse with them.
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Carl Lewis

• Ran 100 m in 9.86s
• 1991 world record
• Jumps over cars
• 9 Gold Medals
• Excellent example of Type II fast twitch muscle
• Also a vegan
• Outspoken, even damning of those who used
  performance enhancers.
• Like Ben Johnson

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Ben Johnson

• Between 1968 and 1983 the 100m record was shaved
  by 0.04s
• In one year Johnson beat it by 0.16s
• 1988 Seoul Olympics
• Johnson 9.76 s
• 27 mph
• 45 strides
• Ahead the whole time
• Lewis sets an American record with 9.92s, but
  still second
• Busted for doping

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Back to Carl Lewis

• Johnsons medal revoked and given to Lewis
• 5 years later in 2003 Lewis admits he was busted
  3 times in 1988 for banned stimulants.
• He thought they were herbal supplements
• The U.S. Olympic committee found his ingestion to
  be, inadvertant
• Since it was after the 3 year statute of
  limitations he could keep his medals
• Stimulants could have masked more serious
  steroids from tests

• Johnson beating Lewis in 88

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Which leads to the question how do steroids work?

• Androgenic increasing masculine traits
• Anabolic building muscles as opposed to
• Catabolic breaking down nutrients

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Jason Giambi
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Barry Bonds
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Sammy Sosa
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Mark McGwire