Chapter 2 Family & Personal Relationships (1)

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Chapter 2Family Personal Relationships (1)
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Focal questions

• 1. What are the traditional expectations of
  marriage in Britain? (Pp19, 22, 23)
• 2. How do you visualise the typical family in
  modern Britain? (Pp 19)
• 3. What changes in the family and marriage have
  occured since the Second World War? Which are the
  most significant? How do you explain them? (Pp
  19, 20, 24, 25, 26)
• 4. What do you understand of the term "youth
  culture"? Can you give some specific examples of
  youth subcultures or cults? Do all youth
  subcultures have certain common features? (P21)

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A 1 The Family

• Diverse families
• Nuclear family
• Lone-parent family
• Cohabiting couple
• Common-law/de facto marriage
• Civil partnership

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A 1 Family cont.

• Marriage halffail ratelowest since records in
  1840
• Divorce ratehighest in Europe 1child/4 before
  age 16divorce of their parents
• Lone parenting increased three-fold in the last
  20 years, 1/10 families
• 4/10 people born outside marriage
• 1/10 cohabiting

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http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id186
5
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Family size

• Complete family size of 2 kids 1/3 women
• Childlessness 1/5 women
• Causes
• Falling infant death rates fell
• The expense of having children
• Career vs. children

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Darren HayesSavage Garden
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Darren on thecivil partnership ceremony

• "I can honestly say it was the happiest day of my
  life," writes Hayes of the civil partnership
  ceremony, which took place in London. "I feel
  lucky to live in an era where my relationship can
  be considered legally legitimate, and I commend
  the U.K. government for embracing this very basic
  civil liberty."

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Darren on thecivil partnership ceremony

• Britain legalized civil partnerships in December
  2005.
• Civil Partnership Act 2004
• Same-sex couples
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Partnership_Act
  _2004

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London

• the most popular region within the UK in which to
  register a partnership in 2007
• The London Borough of Westminster
• Brighton and Hove Unitary Authority
  http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id168
  5

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Living in Britain General Household Survey 2002
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http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id168
5
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Living in Britain General Household Survey 2002
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A 2 Youth

• Youth an age group?
• A social organization
• The 1950s about ten years after the end of WWII
• A rise in the birth rate
• Music, films, fashion
• Youth subcultureteenagers

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A 5 50 Years of Change

• The 1950s a time of great changes in fields of
  economy, culture, politics.
• The 1960s a decade of rebellious young
  generation of great expectation

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A 5 50 Years of Change

• The 1970s a decade of strikes and recession
• The 1980s a decade of Thatcherism
• The 1990s a decade of great expectation

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A2 Youth (1970s)Youth Subcultures

• Subculture a cultural group within a larger
  culture often having beliefs or interests at
  variance with those of the larger culture (COD)
• A distinct individual style certain ways of
  dressing, speaking, listening to music and
  gathering in similar places
• The way of life
• Inevitable products of affluent society
• To leave usu. at the point of marriage

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A2 YouthTeddy Boys

• Rock 'n' Roll black origin, white musicians like
  Elvis
• Teenage cults
• Music of the Teddy Boys or 'Teds'
• Slicked-back quiffs or DA (ducktail) haircuts
  
• Narrow drainpipe trousers
• Drape jackets, fancy shirts
• Bootlace ties

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A 2 YouthTeddy Boys Characteristics

• Group-mindedness a reaffirmation of traditional
  working class values and the strong sense of
  territory
• Extreme touchiness (over-sensitivity) to insults
• Conditions for its formation extensive welfare
  provision (social security, health, housing),
  European economic boom with Marshall plan,
  abolishing of draft, introduction of hire
  purchase
• Drastical and fundamental alteration of the
  concept of the adolescent

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A 2 Youth cont.Teddy Boys in the 1950s



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A 2 Youth cont.The Beatniks

• The beat movement in the US in the 1950s
• Rejection of traditional middle-class American
  values, customs
• The Beat generationbeatitude
• Sputnik I
• Their visual symbols - jazz, poetry, marijuanna,
  the Beatles
• Counter-cultural, anti-materialistic, bettering
  the inner self

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A 2 Youth Beatniks Characteristics

• Extremely pessimistic about future
  possibilities of progress
• Aspired for freedom and the anguish of being
  alone, undecided and separate
• No popularity in Britain until mid-1960s the
  Hippies
• The Simpsons episode

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A 2 YouthThe Beatniks
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A 2 YouthThe Beatles
25
A 2 YouthThe Rolling Stones
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A 2 Youth (The 1960s) Mods and Rockers

• A new mood of optimism and change
• Rockers rock 'n' roll big motorbikes 'dressed
  down' (in leather jackets and denim) working
  class, masculinity driven
• Mods American rhythm and blues music scooters
  'dressed up' (in sharp suits and tiesItalian
  style) working-class, non-traditional clerical
  or service jobs

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A 2 YouthRockers and their motor-bikes
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A 2 YouthMods and their scootors
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A2 YouthThe Hippies

• Hippie bohemian, student and radical
  subcultures
• Being critical of growing dominance of technology
  bureaucracy of capitalist societies
• Distrust of establishment
• Criticism of inequality and affluence of society
• Search of social change through peaceful means
• Contradictions
• Anti-materialistic, yet lived to share the fruits
  of affluence
• Pro-egalitarian, but reactionary

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A 2 YouthSkinheads cont.

• The unskilled working-class community
• Working-class activities pubs, football and
  streets, associated with football hooliganism
• The end of the 1960s, relative worsening of
  situation of working-class
• Dress big industrial boots jeans rolled up
  high to reveal them
• Appearance hair cut to the skull
• Emphasis on collectivity, physical toughness, and
  local rivalry targets for the aggressionhippies

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A2 Youth cont.Hippies (left) Skin heads
(right)
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A2 Youth (1970s) Punks

• The 1970s Punk, Heavy Metal
• Punk youth culture in the extreme
• Spiked hair, ripped and outlandishly customized
  clothing
• Obscene language (much-publicized)
• To both cut themselves off from society and to
  shock it into action
• Heavy Metal music grew in the 1970s bikers

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A 2 Youth cont.The punks
34
Taxi Driver

• Travis Bickle
• Jodie Foster
• John Hinckley
• President Reagan

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A2 Youth (1970s) Rastafarianism--Rastas

• Rastafarianism a philosophy and a religion
  originating in Jamaica black Britain the reggae
  music of Bob Marley.

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The Influence of Reggae on Punk

• Search for authenticity
• The romanticization of petty criminality
• white translation of black ethnicity (Hebdige
  p.64)Elvis Presley white nigger
• Reggae music
• Non-mainstream
• Working class credentials
• Political awareness
• Music of the outsider

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A 2 Youth (1980s) The Ravers

• the New Romantics wearing flamboyant clothes
  often like those of the 18C 'dandies'
• Hip Hop, the black communities of the USA, rap
  music, graffiti art, sportswear-based dress and
  other cultural elements
• Rave, grew out of the 'acid house' cult of 1988.
  American 'house' music, baggy colourful clothing
  drugs like LSD and Ecstacy. All night dancing
  events called raves in remote out-of-the-way
  places

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Graffitiart or vandalism?
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A 2 Youth (the 1990s)Ragga Jungle

• Predominantly black, ragga music, a
  dance-oriented form of reggae commonly with the
  lyric spoken or 'chatted'
• Young Asians born in Britain 'bhangramuffin,
  the Asian music, Bhangra
• Jungle, elements of house music and rave culture
  the most innovative, original youth culture of
  the mid-1990s

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Oasis
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60? 70? 80? 90?

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60? 70? 80? 90?

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43
60? 70? 80? 90?

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A 2 YouthMillennial Tension

• Young males postmodernity destroyed traditional
  social role, respect, authority
• Erosion of masculine forms of work, sources of
  self-respect

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A 2 YouthSuicide Solution

• Massive increases in suicide amongst young males
  in UK (5X higher than young women)

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A 2 YouthConclusion

• Commercial consumption
• Blurring of upper and lower boundaries
• More escapist than oppositional
• Absorption into mainstream
• Reinforced expectation that youth will generate
  consumer ideals
• Childhoodmodernist optimism, youthpostmodernist
  freedom and possibility
• The real problems

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Youth Samuel Erman

• 1. Youth is not a time of life, it is a state of
  mind, it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips
  and supple knees, it is a matter of the will, a
  quality of the imagination, a vigor of the
  emotions, it is the freshness of the deep spring
  of life.

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Youth cont

• 2. Youth means a temperamental predominance of
  courage over timidity, of the appetite for
  adventure over the love of ease. This often
  exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20.
  Nobody grows merely by a number of years we grow
  old by deserting our ideas.
• 3. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up
  enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear,
  self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit
  back to dust.

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Youth cont

• 4. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human
  beings heart the lure of wonders, the unfailing
  childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of
  the game of living. In the center of your heart
  and my heart there is a wireless station so long
  as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer,
  courage and power from man and from the Infinite,
  so long as you are young.

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Youth cont

• 5. When the aerials are down, and your spirits
  are covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of
  pessimism, then youve grown old even at 20, but
  as long as your aerials are up to catch waves of
  optimism, theres hope you may die young at 80.

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A 4 Marriage Divorce

• Marriage and cohabitation
• In 2000
• 54 of men 52 of women aged 16 and over
  married
• 10 of men nine of women cohabiting
• 27 of men 18 of women single
• 3 of men 12 of women widowed
• 6 of men 9 of women divorced or separated

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A 4 Marriage Divorce

• http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id170

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Sociological Explanations of the Increase in
Divorce

• The value of marriage
• Conflict between spouses
• The ease of divorce
• Women, paid employment and marital conflict
• Income and class
• Age
• Marital status of parents
• Background and role expectations
• Occupation

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http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id186
6
55
http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id192
5
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All the lonely people

• 40 years ago,the Beatles asked the world a simple
  question,they wanted to know where all the lonely
  people come from.
• Greys Anatomy
• All the lonely people, where do they all come
  from? All the lonely people, where do they all
  belong?
• Eleanor Rigby, Beatles

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A 1 The Family cont.One-parent
families their dependent children
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http//www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id174
8
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A 1 Family cont.

• The traditional family in decline?
• The Soul of Britain survey
• 80 of Britons marriage is not out-dated ?
• 76 of Britons marriages to last for life ?
• 46 of Britons lone parenting as a lifestyle
  choice ?
• Columnist Melanie Phillips the traditional
  nuclear familyat the root of democracy (secure,
  stable, inner-directed and self-confident, a
  sense of duty and responsibility)

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A 1 Family cont.

• Traditional families are better for children
• Bob Rowthorne (professor of economics at
  Cambridge University) step families are very
  dangerous places for children to beHigher rate
  of child murder
• Lone-parent families or cohabiting families ?
  not stable
• Lone-parent families poverty and social problems
  related to poverty

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A 1 The FamilyHome is Where the Heart is

• Stable marriage a happy home life in Millennium
  Britain (a new Alliance Leicester public
  opinion poll by MORI)
• 1,938 people what would be the most important
  ingredient to family life in 25 years time
• Stable marriage and less divorce more than one
  in four people (26 per cent)
• Consistent across all age groups

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Towards a More Civilised Society

• European economies joint taxation
• In Britain family commitmentslargely irrelevant
  to tax assessment
• Call for approbation and support from the state
• The married family the nurture of children
  -- Center for Policy Studies