Byzantine Empire Mrs. T. Lewis

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Byzantine EmpireMrs. T. Lewis

• Location
• Justinian
• Art Architecture
• Roman Greek Church
• Byzantine Influence

• The purpose of this website is to introduce
  students to the Byzantine culture and its
  influence on the Russian Empire.
• It will also fulfill SOL WHI.7.
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the
  Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to
  1000 A.D.

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Location 7a) explaining the establishment of
Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern
Roman Empire.

• Why was Constantinople established as the capital
  of the Eastern Roman Empire?
• The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire was
  changed to Constantinople to provide political,
  economic, and military advantages.
• Provide protection of the eastern frontier
• Distance from Germanic invasions in the western
  empire
• Crossroads of trade
• Easily fortified site on a
• peninsula bordering natural harbor

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Location 7a) explaining the establishment of
Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern
Roman Empire.
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Location 7a) explaining the establishment of
Constantinople as the capital of the Eastern
Roman Empire.

• What was the role of Constantinople?
• Seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman
  conquest
• Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture

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Justinianb) identifying Justinian and his
contributions, including the codification of
Roman law, and describing the expansion of the
Byzantine Empire and economy.

• What was Justinians influence on the Byzantine
  Empire?

Justinian ruled the Byzantine Empire from 527-565
A.D. Justinian ordered scholars to collect the
Roman Empires laws and codify them. The
collection is known as Justinian Code It is
organized into 4 parts Code useful Roman
laws Digest summarized Roman legal
opinion Institutes guide for law
students Novellae laws passed after 534
A.D. This codification of Roman law preserved
the idea that people should be ruled by laws and
not the whims of men. It would be the basis for
many law codes in Western Europe, especially the
English civil law.
Code of Hammurabi
Justinian Code
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Justinianb) identifying Justinian and his
contributions, including the codification of
Roman law, and describing the expansion of the
Byzantine Empire and economy.

• What was Justinians influence on the expansion
  of the Byzantine Empire and its economy?
• The Byzantine Empire reached its height in
  culture and prosperity under Justinian.
• He reconquered former Roman territories and
  expanded trade.
• Justinian made Belisarius general of the army.
• Belisarius would lead the army against the Nika
  Revolt and gain land back from Germanic tribes.
• Byzantine would build a strong navy equipped with
  Greek Fire.
• Byzantine controlled trade routes between Asia
  and Europe.
• Theodora Justinians wife and advisor
• Convinced Justinian to remain in Constantinople
  during the Nika Revolt
• Helped to change laws for women
• Christian women were allowed to own property
• Divorce laws were changed so women would receive
  better benefits

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Justinianb) identifying Justinian and his
contributions, including the codification of
Roman law, and describing the expansion of the
Byzantine Empire and economy.
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Art Architecturec) characterizing Byzantine
art and architecture, and the preservation of
Greek and Roman traditions.

• What were the contributions of Byzantine art and
  architecture?
• Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial
  patronage enabled Byzantine Empire to develop a
  unique style of art and architecture.
• Inspiration provided by Christian religion and
  imperial power
• Icons (religious images)
• Mosaics in public and religious structures
• Hagia Sophia (a Byzantine domed church)

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Art Architecturec) characterizing Byzantine
art and architecture, and the preservation of
Greek and Roman traditions.

• Hagia Sophia

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Art Architecturec) characterizing Byzantine
art and architecture, and the preservation of
Greek and Roman traditions.

• Mosaics

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Art Architecturec) characterizing Byzantine
art and architecture, and the preservation of
Greek and Roman traditions.

• How did Greek and Roman culture survive within
  the Byzantine Empire?

Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman
traditions Greek language (as contrasted with
Latin in the West) Greek Orthodox
Christianity Greek and Roman knowledge
preserved in Byzantine libraries
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Roman Greek Churchd) explaining disputes that
led to the split between the Roman Catholic
Church and the Greek Orthodox Church.

• What factors produced the division within the
  Christian Church?

• Eastern Church
• Centered in Constantinople
• Close to seat of power after Constantinople
  became capital
• Use of Greek language in the liturgy
• Western Church
• Centered in Rome
• Farther from seat of power after Constantinople
  became capital
• Use of Latin language in the liturgy
• Division between Western and Eastern Churches
  (Iconoclastic Controversy)
• Authority of the Pope eventually accepted in
  the West
• Authority of the Patriarch accepted in the East
• Practices such as celibacy eventually accepted
  in the West

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Byzantine Influence on Russiae) assessing the
impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia
and Eastern Europe.

• Byzantine civilization influenced Russian and
  Eastern European civilizations through its
  religion, culture, and trade.
• Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much
  influence on religion, culture, and trade in
  Russia and Eastern Europe?
• Trade routes between Black Sea and Baltic Sea
• Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and
  much of Eastern Europe
• Adoption of Greek alphabet to the Slavic
  languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic alphabet)
• Church architecture and religious art
• Onion-shaped domed churched ,
• modification of Byzantine domes
• Icons and mosaics used as
• decoration for buildings

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Importance of Location of Russia and Eastern
Europe

• Steppe provides a natural highway for nomads
• Network of rivers provide transportation and led
  to trade, particularly with the Byzantine Empire.
• Kiev is located at the center of trade among the
  Vikings, Slavs, and Byzantines.

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Mongol Conquest

• Golden Horde, led by Ghengis Khan, conquers early
  Russia
• Massive destruction occurs Towns are destroyed
  and people are killed
• Russia is in a state of decline and cut off from
  Western Europe under Mongol Rule
• Moscow grows in importance after Kievs
  destruction
• Church grows more powerful, since the Mongols
  tolerate the Eastern Orthodox Church
• Trade routes between China and Eastern Europe
  opened up

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Russia Emerges

• Princes gain more power under Mongol rule and
  adapt the Mongol leadership of absolute rule
• Ivan the Great rejects Mongol rule and unites
  Russia
• Moscow becomes the capital and the Third Rome
• Ivan the Terrible takes the title czar (Caesar),
  and vows to carry on the traditions of Rome and
  Constantinople