Audit Techniques

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1100 Independence and Objectivity

• The internal audit activity must be independent,
  and internal auditors must be objective in
  performing their work.

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1100 Independence and Objectivity (cont.)

• Independence is the freedom from conditions that
  threaten the ability of the internal audit
  activity to carry out internal audit
  responsibilities in an unbiased manner.
• The chief audit executive has direct and
  unrestricted access to senior management and the
  board. This can be achieved through a
  dual-reporting relationship.

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1100 Independence and Objectivity (cont.)

• Objectivity is an unbiased mental attitude that
  allows internal auditors to perform engagements
  in such a manner that they believe in their work
  product and that no quality compromises are made.
  
• Objectivity requires that internal auditors do
  not subordinate their judgment on audit matters
  to others

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1120 Individual Objectivity

• Internal auditors must have an impartial,
  unbiased attitude and avoid any conflict of
  interest.
• Conflict of interest is a situation in which an
  internal auditor, who is in a position of trust,
  has a competing professional or personal
  interest.

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1130 Impairment to Independence or
Objectivity

• If independence or objectivity is impaired in
  fact or appearance, the details of the impairment
  must be disclosed to appropriate parties.
  The nature of the disclosure will depend upon
  the impairment.

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1130 Impairment to Independence or
Objectivity (cont.)

• Impairment to organizational independence and
  individual objectivity
• personal conflict of interest
• scope limitations
• restrictions on access to records, personnel,
• and properties
• resource limitations (such as funding)

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Factors Threatening Objectivity

• Social Pressure
• Economic Interest
• Personal Relationship
• Familiarity
• Cultural, Racial, and Gender Biases
• Cognitive Biases
• Self-review
• Intimidation Review

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2600 Communicating the Acceptance of
Risks

• When the chief audit executive concludes that
  management has accepted a level of risk that may
  be unacceptable to the organization, the chief
  audit executive must discuss the matter with
  senior management. If the chief audit executive
  determines that the matter has not been resolved,
  the chief audit executive must communicate the
  matter to the board.

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Certified Fraud Examiner CFE
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?????????????????????? ???????????????????? (The
Fraud Triangle)