NURSING THEORY ENIE NOVIEASTARI DKKD FIK UI NURSING THEORY

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NURSING THEORY

• ENIE NOVIEASTARI
• DKKD FIK UI

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NURSING THEORY

• The third type of theoretical works
• Derived from works in other disciplines and
  related to nursing from earlier nursing
  philosophies and theories, from nursing grand
  theories, or from nursing conceptual models
• A work classified as a nursing theory is less
  abstract than a grand theory but not as specific
  as a middle range theory

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• Theories may be specific to a particular aspect
  of nursing practice
• Grand nursing theories are conceptual structures
  that are nearly as abstract as the nursing models
  from which they are derived, nut they propose
  outcomes on use and application of the model in
  nursing practice
• Theories are ways of looking at a phenomenon to
  describe, explain, predict, or control it.

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Nursing theories

• Ida Jean Orlando Nursing Process Theory
• Nola J. Pender Health Promotion Model
• Madeleine Leininger Culture care Theory of
  Diversity and Universality
• Margaret A. Newman Health as Expanding
  Consciousness
• Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Human Becoming
• Helen C. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, and Mary Ann
  P. Swain Modeling and Role-Modeling
• Gladys L. Husted James H. Husted
  Symphonological Bioethical Theory

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Ida Jean OrlandoNursing Process Theory (1)

• Riwayat
• - Lahir 12 Agustus 1926
• - berpengalaman di berbagai unit keperawatan,
• sebagai supervisor, asisten direktur kep.,
  
• clinical nursing consultant
• Publikasi buku
• 1) The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship
  Function, Process and Principles of Professional
  Nursing Practice (1958) 2)The Discipline and
  Teaching of Nursing Process An evaluative Study
  (1972)

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Ida Jean OrlandoNursing Process Theory (2)

• Konsep utama
• 1. Fungsi Keperawatan profesional
• 2. Perilaku yang diperlihatkan pasien
• 3. Reaksi segera atau respon internal
• perawat
• 4. Disiplin proses keperawatan
• 5. Kemajuan/peningkatan

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Ida Jean OrlandoNursing Process Theory (3)

• Definisi Konsep yang dibahas meliputi
• Tanggung jawab perawat
• Kebutuhan klien
• Perilaku yang diperlihatkan klien
• Reaksi segera
• Disiplin proses keperawatan
• Peningkatan/kemajuan
• Tujuan keperawatan
• Tindakan otomatis (segera)
• Tindakan deliberatif (terencana)

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Nola J. PenderThe Health Promotion Model (1)

• Riwayat
• - lahir 1941
• - Dipl (1962), BSN (1964), MA (1965), PhD
  psikologi pendidikan (1969)
• - Menulis buku (Health Promotion in Nursing
  practice) signifikan dlm keg. Riset shg
  terbentuk pusat riset keperawatan sbg bagian dari
  NIH th 1981
• - Aktif di bbg organisasi, Presiden FAAN
  1991-1993
• Sumber teori Sosial Learning theory (Albert
  Bandura)

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Nola J. PenderThe Health Promotion Model (2)

• Konsep Utama Faktor Kognitif-Perseptual
  (Mekanisme Motivasional Primer)
• - Pentingnya Kesehatan
• - Persepsi Kendali Kesehatan
• - Persepsi Efektifitas Diri
• - Definisi Kesehatan
• - Persepsi Status Kesehatan
• - Persepsi Manfaat Perilaku
• - Persepsi hambatanthd perilaku promosi
• kesehatan

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Madeleine LeiningerCulture Care Theory of
Diversity Universality

• BS Biologi, MS Kepr.Psikiatri, PhD Antropsi.
  budaya,
• Penemu Trans Cultural Nursing
• Sumber teori Antropologi, perilaku caring, askep
  nilai2 sehat-sakit, dan pola perilaku berbasis
  budaya
• Konsep utama care, caring, culture, cultural
  care, cultural value, cultural care diversity,
  cultural care universality, ethnocentrism,
  cultural imposition, ethnocentrism, cultural
  imposition, cultural care preservation, cultural
  care accommodation, cultural care re patterning,
  nursing

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Margaret A. NewmanModel of Health (1)

• Riwayat
• - Lahir 1933
• - BS in Home Economics English (1954), BSN
  (1962), MS in Med Surg Nsg teaching (1964), PhD
  in Nsg (1971)
• Memiliki posisi di Universitas, Dir Kep dan
  memperoleh beberapa penghargaan
• Sumber teori Filosofer Hegel (proses
  dialektikal fusi yang bertentangan), ahli fisika
  Capra Bentov

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Margaret A. NewmanModel of Health (2)

• Konsep Utama
• - Kesehatan menyangkut penyakit dan non
• penyakit, ekspilasi pola yang mendasari
  individu
• lingkungan. Sebagai suatu proses perkemb.
• kesadaran diri dan lingkungan bersama-sama dg
• peningkatan kemampuan untuk mempersepsikan
• alternatif dan berespon dlm bbg cara.
• - Pola apa yang mengidentifikasi individual sbg
  
• seseorang yang khusus
• - Kesadaran kapasitas informasional sistem
• kemampuan sistem berinteraksi dg
• lingkungannya (waktu, pergerakan dan ruang)

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Rosemario ParseManusia-Kehidupan-Kesehatan (1)

• BSN, MS, PhD Keperawatan
• Sumber teori pengetahuan manusia utuh (Rogers),
  pemikiran fenomenologi-seksistensial (Heidegger
  et al) manusia adalah suatu kesatuan yang
  hidup dan keperawatan adalah ilmu pengetahuan
  ttg manusia
• Konsep utama 3 elemen tematik yaitu makna,
  ritmisitas, dan ko-transendens.

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Rosemario ParseManusia-Kehidupan-Kesehatan (2)

• 3 prinsip
• 1) imaging, valuing, languaging
• 2) revealing-concealing, enabling-limiting,
• connecting-separating
• 3) powering, originating, transforming

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Helen E. Erickson, Evelyn M. Tomlin, Mary Ann
P. Swan (1)

• Modeling and Role-Modeling
• Latar belakang
• - Erickson MS psikiatrik, Dr. Psikologi,
  berpengalaman sbg pendidik, pimpinan organisasi
• - Tomlin MS Psikiatrik, pengalaman CI dan Ners
  dibbg unit (termasuk ICU, CCU)
• - Swain BS, MS,dr Psikologi, pengelola
  pendidikan, organisatoris

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Helen C. Erickson et alModeling Role-Modeling
(2)

• Sumber teori teori psikologi, kognitif dan
  biologi. Dipengaruhi scr tdk langsung oleh
  Abraham Maslow, Jean Piaget, Erik Erickson,
  Milton H. Erickson, George Engel, Hans Selye
• Konsep utama
• - modeling
• - role modeling
• - Nursing
• - Nurturance
• - Unconditional Acceptance
• - Person How people are alike or different

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Helen C. Erickson et alModeling Role-Modeling
(3)

• How people are alike
• - holisme
• - kebutuhan dasar
• - perkembangan
• seumur hidup (fase
• kognitif psikologi)
• - affiliated-
• individuation

• How people are different
• - inherent endowment
• - adaptation
• - mind body
• relationship
• - self care (pengetahuan, sumber, tindakan)

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Gladys L. Husted james H. Husted
Symphonological Bioethical Theory

• Symphonology a system of interpersonal ethics
  based on the terms and presuppositions of an
  agreement specifically the health care
  professional-patient agreement
• The agreement is based on the nature of the
  relationship between the parties involved
• In its ethical dimensions it outlines the
  commitments and obligations of each
• This theory has led to the construction of
  practice-based decision-making model that assists
  in determining when and what actions are
  appropriate for HCPs and patients

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Major concepts definitions

• Agency the capacity of an agent to initiate
  action toward a chosen goal
• Context the interweaving of the relevant facts
  of a situation
• Environment-agreement is a shared state of
  awareness on the basis of which interaction occur
• Health is a concept applicable to every
  potential of a persons life
• Nursing acts as the agent of the patient, doing
  for her patient what he would do for himself if
  he were able. The nurses ethical responsibility
  is to encourage and strengthen those qualities in
  the patient that serve life, health, and
  well-being through their interaction
• Person-patient an individual with a unique
  character structure, possessing the right to
  pursue vital goals as he chooses
• Rights the product of an implicit agreement
  among rational beings, by virtue of their
  rationality, not to obtain actions or the product
  of actions from others except through voluntary
  consent, objectively gained

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Penugasan kelompok

• Dari 7 (tujuh) teori yang tergabung dalam
  kelompok Nursing Theory ini, setiap kelompok
  memilih 1 teori untuk dianalisa
• Salin gambar kerangka skematik dari teori
• Diskusikan makna gambar tersebut dalam kelompok
• Uraikan gambar kerangka skematik tersebut dengan
  menggunakan kata-kata sendiri
• Sumber Marriner-Tomey Alligood (2006),
  Nursing Theorists and Their Work. Philadelphia
  Mosby-Elsevier

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References

• George, J.B. (1995). Nursing Theories the base
  for professional nursing practice. 4th Ed.
  Connecticut Appleton Lange.
• Marriner-Tomey Alligood (2006). Nursing
  Theorists and Their Works. 6th Ed. St.Louis
  Mosby Elsevier, Inc.
• Reed, P.G, Shearer, N.C., Nicoll, L.H. (2004).
  Perspectives on Nursing Theory. 4th Ed.
  Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins.