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Introduction to Basic Statistics

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Title: Introduction to Basic Statistics


1
Introduction to Basic Statistics
  • Dr. Chih-Chiang Yang
  • cyang_at_tea.ntue.edu.tw
  • http//tea.ntue.edu.tw/cyang

2
Terms
  • ???(Statistics) ????????,????????????????,???????
    ?,????????????
  • ??(Population)?????????????????????
  • ????(Finite Population)
  • ????(Infinite Population)

3
  • ??(Sample)?????????
  • ??/??(Parameter)??????????
  • ???(Statistic)?????????

4
Types of Statistical Analysis
  • ????
  • ?????(Univariate Analysis)
  • ?????(Multivariate Analysis)
  • ??????(Times Series Analysis)
  • ????
  • ????(Parametric Statistical Analysis)
  • ?????(Nonparametric Statistical Analysis)
  • ????
  • ????(Econometrics)
  • ????(Psychometrics)
  • ????(Biometrics)
  • ????(Statistical Quality Control)

5
Statistical Methods
  • ????(Descriptive Statistics)??????????????
  • ????(Inferential Statistics)???????????,????????

6
Descriptive Statistics
7
  • ????(Graphical Statistics)
  • ????????????????
  • ????????????????????
  • ????(Statistical Measures)
  • ?????????????????
  • ???????????????

8
Inferential Statistics
9
Sampling Methods
  • ??????(Simple Random Sampling)???????????????????
    ?
  • ????(Stratified Sampling)???????????(strata),????
    ??????????????????????????????

10
  • ????(Cluster Sampling)????????????(cluster),?????
    ?????????????????????????????????
  • ????(Systematic Sampling)??????????????,????????,
    ?????????????

11
Sampling Distribution
  • ????(Sampling Distribution)?????????
  • ??????????(???????)Z??(????)?
  • ??????(Central Limit Theorem)???????,????????????
    ,??????????????????
  • ??????????(???????)t???
  • ???????????2 ???
  • ??????????????F ???

12
Estimation
  • ???(Point Estimation)????????????????,???????????
    ?
  • ????(Interval Estimation)?????????????????,??????
    ??????,????????????????????

13
Hypothesis Testing
  • ???????????,???????????????????????
  • ????????(H0)?????(H1)?
  • ?????????
  • ??????,?????????H0 ??????H0 ?
  • ??H0????H0??,???????????????????H0 ?
  • ????H0 ,??????????(Significant Testing)?

14
  • ???????????????H0,????????????
  • ?????????
  • ???????????H0 ?
  • ????????????????????????????H1?
  • ??H0??????H1 ?
  • ?????H0 ?

15
  • ???????
  • ????(Two-tailed Test)
  • ????(One-tailed Test)
  • ????(Upper-tailed Test)
  • ????(Lower-tailed Test)

16
  • ???????
  • ????(Hypothesis)
  • ??????(Set a)
  • ?I??(a risk)??H0,??H0??
  • ?II??(ß risk)??H0,??H0??
  • ?????????(Reject Accept Region)
  • ?????(Test Statistic)
  • ??(Conclusions)

17
  • p value????????
  • Reject H0 if P value lt a
  • Accept H0 if P value gt a
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