Weather and Water

1
Weather and Water

• Chapter 16-17

2
Good Book Questions

• Concepts
• 13.1, 13.3, 13.6, 13.8, 14.2, 14.5, 14.10, 15.4,
  15.5, 15.9, 16.1, 16.4, 16.11, 17.2, 17.7, 17.11
• Thought
• 13.2, 13.7, 13.10, 14.1, 14.8, 14.11, 15.3, 15.6,
  15.10, 16.2, 16.5, 16.10, 17.2, 17.4, 17.8

3
Layers in Rocks

• Trees have rings to count for age
• Sedimentary rocks have layers to count
• Varves from freeze/thaw show alternating
  light/dark layers
• Ice cores used in similar way

4
Green Lake Varves

• Dating by counting is relative
• Banding is dark-light couplet per year

5
Atmosphere

• Mostly N2 and O2 (Ar also)
• Pressure drops off rapidly (99 mass below 32 km)
• Temperature complicated by radiation from above
  and below

6
Atmospheric Cycle

• Layers of air with different properties
• Very thick (comparable with diameter of solid
  planet)
• Convection and Weather

7
Ozone Layer

• Stratosphere
• 3 O2 gives 2 O3
• Promoted by incoming radiation (high energy UV)
• Ozone can absorb UV of lower energy

8
Winds

• High to low pressure (just like vacuum cleaner)
• Rising hot air, falling cold air (convection)
• Global wind patterns (trade winds versus
  westerlies)

9
Wind Distribution

• Connections video discussed this some
• Rotation of earth, sunlight, continental
  distribution

10
Wind Direction

• Three factors (pressure, rotation, temperature)

11
Humidity

• Relative humidity versus maximum
• Dew point (temperature where water condenses or
  relative humidity is 100)

12
Global Weather

• Seasons come from tilt (not distance)
• Distance to ocean and types of current (hot gulf
  stream, cold pacific)

13
Water Cycle

• Amount of water not really changing but
  continually moving from rivers, oceans, and lakes
  to air and clouds

14
Water Distribution

• Mostly in oceans (98)
• Freshwater mostly in ice (78)
• Rest in the ground (20)
• Very little surface water (0.8)
• Less in the atmosphere (0.004)

15
Waves on the Water

• Mostly from wind
• Tidal forces with moon production motion of water
  in bulk
• Hot to cold flow produces currents