World War II Prelude to Global War

1
World War II Prelude to Global War
2
World War II

• Although times were hard in the United States
  throughout the Great Depression they were worse
  in other countries.

3
Dictators

• Dictators rose to power throughout Europe
• Totalitarian- a form of government that controls
  every aspect of its citizens lives
• Example Soviet Union, Germany, Italy
• Fascism- Philosophy which places importance of
  the nation above the value of the individual
• Example Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy)
• Fascism allows private business unlike communism
  but individual rights and freedoms are lost

4
Benito Mussolini

• Rose to power in Italy after WWI and called
  himself Il Duce the leader.
• Organized a fascist group throughout Italy
• Threatened to march into Rome and the king
  appointed him Prime Minister out of fear.

5
Mussolini continued

• Mussolini outlawed elections and political
  parties while establishing a dictatorship.
• Mussolini proclaimed the fascist slogan The
  country is nothing without conquest.
• 1935- Mussolini invaded Ethiopia
• 1936- East African Nation was in Italian hands

6
Adolf Hitler

• Leader of the Nazi party Germany.
• A charismatic powerful public speaker
• 1923- tried to overthrow German government and
  went to jail for five years
• Wrote autobiography called Mien Kampf while in
  jail about his plans for Germany
• he believed in a purifying race Aryan race
  (blond hair blue eyes).

7
Europe Goes to War

• German troops moved into Rhineland (West Germany)
  which violated the treaty of Versailles
• Hitler got away with it which made him more eager
  to expand
• Hitler signed an alliance with Mussolini and
  created Axis power between Rome and Berlin.
• Japan later joined the Axis power with Germany
  and Itlay

8
(No Transcript)
9
German Empire Expanding

• 1938- Hitler annexed Austria (Britain and France
  Protested)
• Britain and France appeased (giving into
  someone's demands) with Germany b/c they were not
  ready for war and thought he might finally be
  satisfied with land.
• Britain and France chose dishonor over war which
  in turn became a war
• 1939- Hitler invaded Poland and the WAR BEGAN

10
Germans Expansion

• Invasion of Poland took one month (West Poland)
• Blitzkrieg- lightening War tactic. Tanks,
  artillery, and soldiers (moving by foot) struck
  deep into enemy territory before they had time to
  react
• Sitzkrieg- sit-down war quiet time for seven
  months after Poland Fell

11
German continues to expand

• Germany launched an attack on Denmark and Norway,
  then proceeded into France and France surrendered
  on June 14, 1940.
• Great Britain stood alone in the Allies of the
  countries.
• Germany launched an air assault on Great Britain
  (largest the world had ever seen). This became
  known as the battle of Britain and by 1941 German
  raids ended with a loss for Germany

12
Londons St. Pauls Cathedral survived the German
Bombing in 1940-1941
13
Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of London, and
his wife

• Ruins after the German attack in London.

14
Dark Green Allies before the attack on Pearl
Harbor Light Green Allied countries that
entered the war after the Japanese attack on
Pearl Harbor. Orange Axis Powers
15
Japanese Expansion

• Japan along with Germany and Italy was not happy
  with their situation in Asia. Japan too was going
  through a Great Depression.
• 1931 Japan seized Manchuria (region in china)
• Japan soon controlled most of eastern China
• By 1941 Japan was ready to challenge Europeans
  and Americans for supremacy in Asia

16
(No Transcript)
17
American Involvement Grows

• Americans build up naval fleets from San Diego
  to Pearl Harbor
• Americans remain neutral and declared the
  Neutrality acts. These included the US would
  withhold weapons and loans from all nations and
  required cash and carry policy, (goods sold to
  nations at war would be paid for in cash and
  transported by the purchaser.
• Lend-Lease Act- FDR passed to aid any nation
  whose defense was vital to American security

18
Attack on Pearl Harbor

• US cut off all trade with Japan but still hoped
  for peace
• December 7, 1941 Japan attacked Pearl harbor a
  day which will live in infamy

19
FDRs entering into war

• FDR asked congress to declare war the next day.
• Three days later Germany and Italy declared war
  on the United States

20
World War II The Road to Victory in
EuropeSection 2

• Chapter 24

21
Americans Prepare for War!

• Churchill and FDR allied and wrote an agreement
  of goals called the Atlantic Charter. They
  pledged a peace that will afford all nations the
  means of dwelling in safety inside their own
  boundaries.
• GIs- government issued clothes, shoes, weapons
  provided by the military. Soldiers are GIs!

22
Diversity in American Troops!

• Mexican Americans- 300,000
• Native Americans-25,000 (Navajo code talkers)
• Japanese Americans (not accepted until 1943 after
  released from internment camps in the United
  States)
• African Americans- 1 million joined the army
• Women-350,000 joined in all areas except combat.
  WASP (women air force service pilot) and WAVES
  (women accepted for volunteer emergency service)

23
(No Transcript)
24
Fighting in North Africa and Italy

• The battle of the Atlantic- German Submarines
  attacking Great Britain in the Atlantic Ocean.
  Sonar (underwater sound equipment) was used to
  attack and locate enemy submarines.
• US had convoys so Great Britain receive food and
  supplies.
• Germans used Wolf Packs (30 submarines) to
  attack their enemy. German submarines were
  successful sinking 175 ships in 1942!

25
The fight goes on

• General Eisenhower (United States) helped general
  Montgomery (Britain) defeat Germany in Northern
  Africa (Egypt) in the important battle El Alamein
• General Patton attacked Sicily, Italy and
  Mussolini was over thrown. German troops
  remained in Italy to defend the land and for four
  months fighting continued and over 72,000
  Americans died.
• Battle of Anizo was won by US and Rome was
  captured.

26
War in the Soviet Union

• Hitler wanted to Expand into the USSR 1941-42 and
  3.6 million German soldiers enter USSR through
  the Baltic and Black sea
• Battle of Stalingrad- turning point in the War
  when USSR defeated German army
• General George Marshall pushed the president to
  prepare for war and called for the invasion of
  western Europe. When the war ended he resigned
  and soon after became secretary of state and
  created the Marshall plan!
• Carpet Bombing- technique used by Britain in
  which they dropped large numbers of bombs over a
  wide area and German cities suffered heavy
  damages!

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
D-DAY

• June 6th, 1944-largest landing by sea in history
  D-DAY (code name for the day the invasion
  began)!!!!!
• 4,600 warships and invasion crafts slipped out of
  the harbor in England and pounded the German
  defenses at Normandy (region in France)! 1,000
  RAF bombers also attacked German defenses.
  Normandy was not an ideal place to attack so it
  caught the German troops off guard.
• 23,000 airborne British and American soldiers
  were dropped behind enemy lines in the night.
• Five beaches were attacked (UTAH, OMAHA, GOLD,
  JUNO, SWORD)

31
(No Transcript)
32
Clenching the Victory

• Fighting followed as US, British, and Canadian
  troops pushed through France and liberated Paris
• US and Canadian troops then freed Brussels and
  Antwerp and Holland
• Germany launched a counter attack in Luxembourg
  and Belgium called the BATTLE of the BULGE
• US troops were not looking that good until
  General Patton moved 250,000 soldiers from
  western France to help stop the German advance
• Battle of the Bulge was the largest battle fought
  during WWII. 600,000 GIs involved and 80,000
  were killed, wounded or captured!

33
War Ends in Europe!

• Yalta Conference- Plan for post war world between
  Churchill, Stalin, and FDR! Met in February
  although war was not yet complete!
• Soviet troops attacked Berlin and Hitler refused
  to flee and then committed suicide on May 1st
  1945.
• Then Germany surrendered May 8th 1945!
• 27,000,000 Soviets died throughout the War!
• Americans celebrated V-E Day (Victory in Europe!
  But Japan was not yet defeated!

34
World War II The War in the PacificSection 3
35
The War in the Pacific

• There was also fighting in the Pacific along with
  Europe.
• Bataan Death March- Brutal death march of
  American and Filipino prisoners by Japanese
  soldiers
• Battle of the Coral Sea- Battle between Japanese
  and American Aircraft (1st ever to be completely
  carried out in air)

36
Battles in the Pacific between US and Japan

• Battle of Midway- TURNING POINT in the war also
  fought entirely in the air and US destroyed
  Japanese offenese!
• Battle of Guadalcanal- US now in control and
  forced Japanese into the Jungle
• Kamikaze- Japanese suicide planes used in the
  battle of Leyte Gulfa
• Battle of Iwo Jima- Bloodiest battle for volcanic
  island, bombs and shells used to destroy the
  island
• Battle of Okinawa- last obstacle to an allied
  invasion into their homeland

37
Manhattan Project

• Secret American program to develop an atomic bomb
• Albert Einstein (Jewish Physicist)-refuge from
  Germany and the Nazi party, wrote FDR a letter to
  suggest a new bomb that could be built!
• Tested bomb in New Mexico desert!

38
Decision to Drop the Bomb!

• Unanimous decision with an advisory group of
  scientist, military leaders, and government
  officials called the Interim Committee.
• August 6th, 1945 bomb dropped on Hiroshima, a
  army base (140,000 deaths)
• August 9th, 1945 a second bomb dropped on
  Nagasaki, which produced similar numbers
• August 14th Japan surrenders to US troops

39
World War II The HolocaustSection 4

• Chapter 24

40
Hitlers Holocaust

• Holocaust- Nazi Germanys Systematic murder of
  European Jews!
• Anti-Semitism- hostility toward Jews
• 1930s Nazi party tells people to stop
  patronizing Jewish business
• Nuremburg laws- stripped Jews of citizenship and
  forbidden marriage between Jews and non-Jews
• Jews were given middle names Sarah and Israel
  as well as identity cards with j on them

41
Nazis Take Action

• SS (Secret State Police) or Gestapo was formed
  and Concentration Camps (places for prisoners of
  war).
• Nazis placed the undesirable in these camps as
  well!
• Kristallnacht- (night of the broken glass)
  Organized attacks on Jews

42
Murder to Genocide

• Einsatzgruppen- mobile killing units (not deemed
  good enough by Hitler)
• Wannsee Conference- plan for the final solution
  to the Jewish question!
• Death Camps-extermination centers for Jews.
• Auschiwitz concentration camp- 1 death camp
  murdering 1.5 million ppl

43
American Involvement

• 1944 FDR created War Refugee Board- to help
  people threatened with murder by the Nazis.
  (somewhat successful but more needed to be done!)