Exposure Data Landscape

1
Exposure Data Landscape

• Peter P. EgeghyNational Exposure Research
  Laboratory

2
Acknowledgements

• NCCT
• Elaine Cohen Hubal
• Richard Judson
• Shad Mosher
• Sumit Gangwal
• Doris Sloan
• Jamie Vail

• NERL
• Dan Vallero
• Linda Sheldon
• Carry Croghan
• Cecilia Tan

Disclaimer
This work may not necessarily reflect official
Agency policy.
3
Outline

• Context
• History
• Assessment of Current Landscape
• Expectations of the Future

4
(No Transcript)
5
Large Numbers and Volumes of Chemicals are
Produced

• Chemical production has increased spectacularly
  since 1970s
• Expansion of chemical portfolio
• Expansion of types of products
• Ubiquitous integration
• Formidable number of chemicals in commercial use
• 143,000 substances in Europe
• 100,000 in US
• Approximately 30,000 substances marketed in
  volumes gt 1 t/y
• About 3,000 HPV chemicals make up 95 of total
  production

Projected
6
Size of Chemical Universe Makes Exposure
Assessment Difficult

• The vast majority of chemicals in commerce
• Are unmeasured in environmental or biological
  media
• Have unknown environmental fate and exposure
  potential
• Have non-quantified human and ecosystem health
  impacts
• Resource and technological limits
• Exposure modeling
• Broader indicators and surrogates
• Production volume, use category, product
  formulation, chemical release, pathways,
  degradation, activities/behaviors
• Need for high throughput methods

7
WorkplaceExposure
Water
Food
EnvironmentalRelease
Chemical Transportation
Land
A C T I V I T I E S
Air
Production/Formulation(Product orProcessing
Aid)
Disposal
Incineration
INTERMEDIATES
CHEMICAL
HumanExposure
Recycling
SewageTreatment
DEGRADATES
ConsumerUse
IndoorAir
OutdoorAir
SurfaceDust
Soil
A C T I V I T I E S
Food
Water
8
1992 Inventory of Data

• Compilation of federally managed data systems
  with exposure information
• Conducted jointly by EPA, CDC, and ATSDR
• Premise Data systems exist that could be used to
  conduct studies and evaluate regulatory
  effectiveness
• Identified databases
• Environmental Measurements 54
• Micro-Environmental Concs 10
• Human Samples 13

9
Data Sharing Pressures Have Increased

• Changes in information technology reenergized the
  decades-old call for consistency and standardized
  procedures for collecting, storing, and reporting
  exposure-related information
• Public Health epidemiology, exposure limits,
  risk management
• NIH Data Sharing Policy (2003)
• Data sharing plan included in application
  (gt500K)
• OMB Circular A-110 Applies to EPA as well
• Journals being asked to require basic data as
  supplementary material
• Recently, REACH legislation has produced
  increased interest
• Manufacturers/Importers required to consider
  likely exposures
• Predictive tools are being developed

10
Accessible Exposure Databases Aid Chemical
Prioritization

• Accessible exposure databases facilitate
• Application of environmental informatics tools
• Linkages with toxicity data (ACToR, DSSTox)
• Linkages with product usage data
• Large-scale, multidimensional data analysis
• Formal representation of key concepts and
  relationships
• Defines exposure domain and data structure

Brazma et al., 2006 Genetics 7593-605
11
EPAs Online ACToR Database (www.epa.gov/actor)
12
Overview of Exposure Data Sources
Production/ Import Volumes
Consumer Products
Environmental Releases
EPA HPVIS EPA IUR EU ESIS
EPA TRI HC NPRI DOE GHG
Household Products DB Voluntary Cosmetic Reg. DB
Product Usage Information
Production/ Process Information
Environmental Transformation
EPA Pesticide Usage Data UK Pharma-ceutical Usage
USDA DB
EPA HPVIS ATSDR Tox Profiles DEA NFLIS
Environmental Fate Simulator ECOTOX DB EU CAESAR
Transport/Fate
Outdoor Air Monitoring/ Modeling
Water Monitoring Data
EPA AirData EPA NATA UN IPCC GHG
EPA NCOD UCM Program UK Pharm Water
Environmental Concentration
Indoor Air Monitoring Data
DOE IndoorAir EPA HEDS WHO Global Indoor Air DB
Human Exposure Monitoring
Activity Patterns Information
Human Biological Monitoring
EPA HEDS FDA TDS THL Platform
EPA NHAPS EPA CHAD
CDC NHANES EPA HEDS German ES
Exposure
13
Number of Unique Chemicals by Data Type
14
Other Data Aggregators

• UMDNJ Environmental Bioinformatics Knowledge Base
  (ebKB)
• NLM Hazardous Substances Databank (HSDB)
• ATSDR HazDat/Sequoia
• EPA Envirofacts Data Warehouse
• EPA DataFinder

15
In Development ExpoCast DataBase
16
Another New InitiativeCTD Exposure Data
Curation Pilot

• Curate and integrate data in CTD
• Develop exposure ontology
• Define scope of data to be curated
• Test curation protocol

Source C. Mattingly
17
Risk21 Exposure Science Sub-Team

• ILSI HESI initiative to advance risk assessment
• Multi-stakeholder approach and collaboration
• Particular attention to exposure assessment
• Facilitate integration of exposure data
• Rapid prioritization
• Chemical evaluation
• Chemical management
• Key focus Exposure Data Standards
• Disseminate data
• Link with toxicity data

18
Conclusions

• Exposure surrogates exist across the
  source-to-dose continuum
• New publically accessible systems are constantly
  being added
• Several efforts are currently underway to catalog
  and link the varied sources of exposure data
• These efforts support much needed predictive
  models for screening chemicals based on exposure
• Data sharing pressures will accelerate these
  efforts

19
(No Transcript)