Georgia Performance Standards

1
Georgia Performance Standards

• SSWH17 The student will be able to identify the
  major political and economic factors that shaped
  world societies between World War I aExamine the
  influence of Albert Einstein on science, Sigmund
  Freud on social thinking and Pablo Picasso on
  art.
• b. Determine the causes and results of the
  Russian Revolution from the rise of the
  Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalins first Five
  Year Plan.
• c. Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and
  Asia by comparing the policies of Benito
  Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and
  Hirohito in Japan.
• d. Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the
  ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and
  Mohandas Gandhi.
• e. Describe the nature of totalitarianism and the
  police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and
  Italy and how they differ from authoritarian
  governments.
• nd World War II.
• a. f. Explain the aggression and conflict leading
  to World War II in Europe and Asia include the
  Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil
  War, the Rape of Nanjing in China, and the German
  annexation of the Sudetenland.

2
Events Between World Wars

• 1. Causes of WWII (this will be an essay
  question)
• Science and Art
• Albert Einstein
• Sigmund Freud
• Pablo Picasso
• Russian Revolution
• Lenin
• Bolsheviks
• Trotsky
• Stalin
• Five Year Plan
• Purge
• Collectivize agriculture
• Soviet Union
• Fascism
• Mussolini
• Hitler
• Anti Semitism
• lebensraum

• Totalitarianism VS Authoritarianism
• Russia
• Germany
• Italy
• Nationalism
• Sun Yat Sen
• Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
• Mohandas Ghandi
• Conflicts
• Italian invasion of Ethiopia
• Spanish Civil War
• Rape of Nanking in China
• German Annexes Sudetenland

3
Major Causes of WWII

• Treaty of Versailles
• Rise of Italian fascism
• Rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party
• Great Depression
• Japanese expansionism
• Anti-communism
• Appeasement
• Militarism
• Nationalism

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(No Transcript)
5
Treaty of Versailles

• After Germany lost WWI, the winning nations
  drafted a treaty to address issues such as
  territorial adjustments, reparations, armament
  restrictions, war guilt and the League of
  Nations.
• The treaty punished Germany and left bitter
  feelings.
• Germany was forced to accept all the blame for
  the war and pay millions in reparations to
  Britain and France.
• Italy was disappointed that it was denied
  territory promised by Britain and France.

British Prime Minister George
Italian Prime Minister Orlando
French Prime Minister Clemenceau
U.S. President Wilson
1914 1919
Big Four
6
The Rise of Fascism in Italy

• Fascism is a totalitarian form of government
  which
• Glorifies the state
• Has one leader and one party
• All aspects of society are controlled by the
  government
• No opposition or protests are tolerated
• Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced

Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped
found the political ideology of fascism. He sided
with the Axis powers in 1940.
7
In Germany, depression, unemployment and hard
times led to a dramatic increase in votes for
Hitler and the Nazi Party.
Voting for Hitlers party increased as
unemployment rates rose
8
Anti-Communism

• Under communism, all means of production are
  controlled by the government, as are property,
  the media, and all other aspects of society.
• The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian
  regimes but most people chose fascism over
  communism.
• Hitler exploited peoples fear of a communist
  takeover in Germany to rise to power in 1933.

A Battle for Germany Nazi anti-communist book
from 1933
9
Worldwide Economic Depression

• After WWI many European economies were unstable.
• The boom in the U.S. throughout the 1920s helped
  sustain worldwide trade.
• The 1929 stock market crash in the U.S. and the
  resulting Great Depression spread throughout the
  world. U.S. restrictive tariff policies worsened
  the depression.
• As economies plummeted and unemployment rose,
  many people turned to powerful leaders and
  governments who promised success through military
  buildup and the conquest of territory.

German breadlines
Japanese children eating radish roots during
famine
10
Japanese Expansionism

• In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw
  materials.
• The same year, Japan began to attack China, with
  full-scale war breaking out in 1937 in the
  Sino-Japanese War.
• In 1938, war broke out between Japan and the
  Soviet Union in what were known as the
  Soviet-Japanese Border Wars.

11
Appeasement

• Appeasement is the act of giving in to an enemys
  demands in hopes of avoiding further conflict.
• In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede
  the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that the
  German population living there was being
  mistreated.
• The British and French prime ministers agreed to
  Hitlers demands without consulting
  Czechoslovakian leaders, in the hopes that this
  would avoid a war in Europe.

12
Militarism

• The glorification of war, in which a nation
  strengthens its military and stockpiles weapons
  in preparation for war.
• An important aspect of militarism is that the
  glorification of war is incorporated into all
  levels of society, including education of the
  nations youth.
• Militaristic societies have existed throughout
  human history.

Hitler Youth group
Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic
society
13
Nationalism

• Nationalism is the belief in the superiority of
  ones own nation over all others.
• In the extreme, it can lead to major conflicts
  between nations.
• Hitler, Mussolini, and Japans Hirohito each
  touted their nations ability to dominate all
  others in the years leading up to WWII.

Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag
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How do fascism and communism compare?

• Fascism comes from the Latin word fasces,
  meaning bundle of sticks
• Roman symbols contained an ax
• The bundle symbolizes unity
• Mussolini wanted to make Italy like the Great
  Roman Empire it once was

15
Communism
Hammer and Sickle symbolizes peasants and
workers uniting

• Related to the word commune, communal, and
  community
• Soviet means an elected council
• Invented by Marx and Frederick Engels
• They said the proletariat would
• Spontaneously get angry at their conditions
• Revolt and take over the economy
• For a short time, out of necessity, a dictator
  would emerge
• Then eventually he would hand over governing to a
  democratic election process

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Fascism Vs. Communism
Allows for capitalism, private ownership and
wealth
The people via (by way of) government own the
nations wealth individual and personal wealth
is limited
One powerful dictator
One powerful dictator

• Strict controls on peoples lives
• Nationalism
• Militarism

• Strict controls on peoples lives
• Nationalism
• Militarism

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More
Fascism Vs. Communism

• proletariat,
• Peasants
• upper educated class
• ruling class

• Marx said communism creates a classless
  society, but in reality there are
• proletariat
• ruling class

• People are all equals in the party
• Little free speech
• No dissent

• Sexist and racist
• Little free speech
• No dissent

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Fascism
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Propaganda and Control of the Media

• Both communist and fascist governments control
  the news media and public information while at
  the same time issuing propaganda
• Any media organizations that printed something
  against the government were shut down under
  Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito
• News media is the best way to reach the masses

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(No Transcript)
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History of Jewish Religious persecution

• During the 1200s, during the European Crusades,
  when English, French, Germans and Italians
  attacked Judea in the name of Christianity, many
  Jews were killed for being the race that
  crucified Jesus
• In the 1600s, anyone who wasnt Catholic,
  especially Jews in Spain, was tortured under the
  inquisition
• During the 1800s, Jews all over Europe were the
  subject of pogroms, or mad mobs raiding Jewish
  villages and burning and killing people

• Jews had been persecuted during the 1900s during
  the Russian Revolution and fled to Europe
• After WWI, many people in Europe looked for
  reasons why WWI happened
• For some, it was convenient to blame the
  ethnicity that was different or that stood out
• For Hitler, and the NAZI socialist party, they
  believed it was their fault

22
In Judaism, the caftan was a symbol of their
religious observance, just like Muslims wear
robes and veils.
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CNN News/Notes Quiz

• What type of conditions did the reparations put
  on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles at the end
  of WWI create?
• Who came to power after Lenin?
• What is one government policy of both communism
  and fascism?
• How do fascism and communism differ economically?
• What country was Hirohito the emperor of?
• What country was Mussolini the leader of?
• T or F Hitler and Mussolini took over their
  governments by force.
• Marx said that one day the working class would
  get angry and spontaneously do what?
• Describe a totalitarian government.
• What is propaganda?
• What methods did totalitarian leaders use to
  prevent dissent?
• Describe Stalins Five Year Plans that failed.

• What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
• (Mon) What president of Venezuela gave president
  Obama a book about American domination in South
  America?
• (Wed) What are the three Rs?
• (Wed) The rainwater run-off of what chemical
  causes dead zones to occur in the Chesapeake Bay
  and in the Gulf of Mexico?
• (Wed) Earth Day become a holiday in what year, 1
  year after it was passed by Congress?
• (Thurs) What is happening in Japan as a result of
  the recession?
• (Thurs) What country has given up some
  Northwestern territory to the Taliban in the
  hopes that will satisfy them from advancing
  forward?
• 1 pt Extra Credit Define anti-semite.

25
CNN News/Notes Quiz

• What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
• (Mon) What president of Venezuela gave president
  Obama a book about American domination in south
  America?
• (Wed) What are the three Rs?
• (Wed) The rainwater run-off of what chemical
  causes dead zones to occur in the Chesapeake Bay
  and in the Gulf of Mexico?
• (Wed) Earth Day become a holiday in what year, 1
  year after it was passed by Congress?
• (Thurs) What is happening in Japan as a result of
  the recession?
• (Thurs) What country has given up some
  Northwestern territory to the Taliban in the
  hopes that will satisfy them from advancing
  forward?
• 1 pt Extra Credit Define anti-semite.

• What type of conditions did the reparations put
  on Germany in the Treaty of Versailles at the end
  of WWI create?
• Who came to power after Lenin?
• What is one government policy of both communism
  and fascism?
• How do fascism and communism differ economically?
• What country was Hirohito the emperor of and when
  did his rule end??
• What country was Mussolini the leader of and what
  years did he rule?
• T or F Hitler, Mussolini, and Hirohito took over
  their governments by force.
• Marx said that one day the working class would
  get angry and spontaneously do what?
• Describe a totalitarian government.
• What is propaganda?
• What methods did totalitarian leaders use to
  prevent dissent?
• What is dissent?

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Georgia Performance Standards

• SSWH17 The student will be able to identify the
  major political and economic factors that shaped
  world societies between World War I and World War
  II.
• a. Examine the influence of Albert Einstein on
  science, Sigmund Freud on social thinking and
  Pablo Picasso on art.
• b. Determine the causes and results of the
  Russian Revolution from the rise of the
  Bolsheviks under Lenin to Stalins first Five
  Year Plan.
• c. Describe the rise of fascism in Europe and
  Asia by comparing the policies of Benito
  Mussolini in Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and
  Hirohito in Japan.
• d. Analyze the rise of nationalism as seen in the
  ideas of Sun Yat Sen, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and
  Mohandas Gandhi.
• e. Describe the nature of totalitarianism and the
  police state that existed in Russia, Germany, and
  Italy and how they differ from authoritarian
  governments.
• f. Explain the aggression and conflict leading to
  World War II in Europe and Asia include the
  Italian invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil
  War, the Rape of Nanjing in China, and the German
  annexation of the Sudetenland.

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Science, Art, and Music between Wars

• After WWI, people thought the world was falling
  apart because no war had been this horrific and
  all encompassing. The wars end didnt stop
  suffering. Europe's economy was in a depression.
  America was soon in the Great Depression. Nations
  everywhere were in civil wars and revolutions.
  Art and literature between wars reflected this
  depression and disillusionment. A lot of poetry
  focused on death and destruction. Music and film
  reflected a desire to cut loose. Medicine focused
  on the inner mind, better surgical techniques,
  and antibiotics to kill infection from a wound.
  Many soldiers died because these werent invented
  yet. Science focused on cutting edge technology,
  like radioactivity, which led to creating the
  Atom bomb.

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Group Work Assignment (p. 752)

• Who discovered the theory of radioactivity?
• Albert Einstein
• What theory did Albert Einstein discover?
• Where was he from?
• What did this theory state?
• How did Einstein's theory reinforce post-war
  ideas?
• Sigmund Freud
• 5. Where was he from?
• 6. What scientific method did he invent?
• What does this method say?
• How did his ideas influence writing? (754)
• Pablo Picasso
• 8. What was his nationality?
• 9. What new style of painting did he and another
  artist invent?
• 10. Describe the technique.
• 11. What is abstract art?
• 12. What is surrealism?
• 13. How do you think these art types were
  influenced by what had happened in WWI?

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Picassos Blue Period

• Monochromatic using only one color

30
Picassos Rose Period
31
Cubism
32
More Cubism and Abstraction
33
Pablo Picasso

• Create our own Picasso

Francisco Goya
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Assignment

• Draw your own picture based on Cubism. You can
  draw anything except a stick figure. Draw the
  normal object first, then draw it in Cubist
  style. Due at end of class.

Example Step 1 Draw normal picture.
Step 2 Draw cubist interpretation.
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Use your books to answer the following questions
about each person. (p752-53)

• Sigmund Freud
• Where was he from?
• What is he known for doing?
• What is psychoanalysis?
• What is the main reason that society creates
  moral values?
• Albert Einstein
• Where was he from?
• What theory did Albert Einstein invent?
• What does that theory state?
• What does the book say that his ideas
  reinforced?
• Picasso
• Where was he from?
• What is Cubism?
• What is abstract art?
• What is surrealism?

36

Chapter 31 World War II
37
THE ROAD TO WAR (with Japan)

• 1931 Japan, seeking raw material, invades
  Manchuria (again). When the League of Nations
  meets to debate the situation, Japan withdraws
  from the League.

38
THE ROAD TO WAR

• 1934 Japan withdraws from the Washington Treaty
  created in 1921 to limit the size of the worlds
  navies and thus reduce the possibility of war
  and starts to create the most powerful navy in
  the Pacific.

39
THE ROAD TO WAR

• Rape of Nanking -1937- Japan invades China
• Rapes thousands, kills hundereds of thousands

40

• I know not where to end. Never I have heard or
  read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We
  estimate at least 1,000 cases a night, and many
  by day. In case of resistance or anything that
  seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab
  or a bullet... People are hysterical... Women are
  being carried off every morning, afternoon and
  evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free
  to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever
  it pleases.

41
Road to War (with Germany)

• Harsh conditions from the ____________ forced on
  Germany after WWI create a depression
• Hitler wins wide support making promises to
  restore Germany to power and economic prosperity
• By 1936, unemployment is virtually non-existent
• Many people credit Hitler with their prosperity
• They ignore the fact that their freedom of speech
  and religion are taken away
• They ignore racist laws against Jews

42
THE ROAD TO WAR

• 1935 - In defiance of the Treaty of Versailles,
  Hitler announces that Germany will start to
  rebuild its army and air force.
• Great Britain and France protest but do nothing.

43
THE ROAD TO WAR

• 1936 the Rome-Berlin Axis - Hitler signs which
  military alliance with Italy
• Then Italy and Germany ally with Japan

44
United States Tries to Stay Out of It..Again

• U.S. passes a bill to stay out Neutrality Acts
• forbids sale of weapons to nations at war
• Forbids loans to nations at war

45
THE ROAD TO WAR

• 1890 Italy tried to conquer Ethiopia, but failed
• 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia.
• Ethiopian leader Haile Selassie asksLeague of
  Nations for help

Who was conspicuously NOT a member of the League
of Nations?
46
THE ROAD TO WAR

• The League put some sanctions or penalties on
  Italy.
• Listen to original News Audio
• By early 1936 Italy had conquered Ethiopia

47
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• in the 1930s Spain was going through a period of
  unrest. King Alfonso XII wasforced to abdicate
  and a republic was set up which was controlled by
  liberals and
• Socialists. The Catholic Church lost status
  (lands confiscated) and the army was reduced in
  size however unrest continued throughout Spain
  (strikes, riots, etc)

48
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• by 1936 a coalition government was elected that
  included socialists, liberals, and communists
• They moved against the military leadership and
  redistributed the land to peasants.

49
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• In July, 1936 a group of generals led by
  Francisco Franco revolted against therepublican
  government - this will turn into the Spanish
  Civil War.

50
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• The generals wanted to restore power of Catholic
  Church and destroy socialism and communism in
  Spain.
• The followers of Franco were called Nationalists
  and the Republicans called Loyalists.

51
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• The Spanish civil war will become an
  international issue.
• The League of Nations tried to stop the flow of
  weapons into Spain from foreign powers but League
  was unsuccessful.

52
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• Mussolini and Hitler supported Franco with
  weapons and manpower. The Italians and especially
  the Germans used the war as a practice ground for
  their militaries (new weapons and tactics tried
  out under combat conditions)

53
Guernica
54
SPANISH CIVIL WAR

• the Loyalists' were supported by Stalin and some
  democracies but their help was much less than
  what the Nationalists were receiving.
• By 1939 the Spanish Civil War was over and Franco
  had set up a Fascists dictatorship in Spain.

55
THE ROAD TO WAR

• 1936 -Hitler sends troops into the Rhineland in
  direct violation of the Versailles Treaty
• France and Great Britain protest but make no
  military resistance.
• 1938 Germany annexes land from Czechoslovakia
• 1939 annexes Austria
• Most annexes done without bloodshed because these
  areas are ethnically German

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(No Transcript)
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CNN News/Notes Quiz 3,4,5

• Describe Stalins Five Year Plans that failed.
• Picasso is known for creating what painting
  style?
• What countries or territories did Germany annex
  in the 1930s?
• What country did Italy attack in the 1930s?
• What did the United States do to stay out of the
  coming war?
• Describe what happened in the Rape of Nanking.
• Why did the majority of German citizens support
  Hitler after he came to power?
• What is the main reason the United States didnt
  do anything about the countries that were
  militarizing and siezing other lands during the
  1930s? (hint what was happening in the 1930s in
  the U.S.)
• In general, U.S. citizens didnt want anyone who
  was ________, ________, or _________ to immigrate
  and become a citizen.

• What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
• Define anti-semite.

58
CNN News/Notes Quiz 3,4,5

• What does Mein Kampf mean and what is it?
  Hitlers book my struggle
• (M) What Middle Eastern countrys Prime Minister
  was assassinated in 2005? lebanon
• (M) What are some football players getting to do
  after 15 years? Re-match
• (T) What is the best way to avoid getting or
  passing a disease? Wash hands, cover cough, dont
  touch face
• (T) What militant group is taking over some parts
  of Pakistan and the poor welcome them? taliban
• (T) What American car series will be extinct
  because that division of GM is going out of
  business? pontiac
• (W) Wednesday marked what political milestone for
  President Obama? 100th day in office
• (Th) What did the news segment mean when they
  talk about patient-zero? First person with swine
  flu
• 1 pt Extra Credit Define anti-semite.
• Person who hates jews

• Describe Stalins Five Year Plans that failed.
  He tried to modernize Russia in five years
  through industrialization
• Picasso is known for creating what painting
  style? cubism
• What countries or territories did Germany annex
  in the 1930s? Belgiums rhineland,
  czeckoslovakias sudetenland, austria
• What country did Italy attack in the 1930s?
  Ethiopia
• What did the United States do to stay out of the
  coming war? Passed neutrality acts
• Describe what happened in the Rape of Nanking.
  Japanese soldiers attacked the chinese capitol
  and raped and killed 1,000s
• Why did the majority of German citizens support
  Hitler after he came to power? b/c he improved
  the economy
• What is the main reason the United States didnt
  do anything about the countries that were
  militarizing and siezing other lands during the
  1930s? (hint what was happening in the 1930s in
  the U.S.) the great depression
• In general, U.S. citizens didnt want anyone who
  was japanese, roman catholic, or jewish to
  immigrate and become a citizen.

59
Acting out History

• Group 1 Sigmund Freud
• Perform a skit in which one person is Freud
  performing psychoanalysis on his patients. Skit
  must demonstrate what psychoanalysis is and at
  least one other belief Freud had about human
  nature. Skit must use at least one prop.
• Group 2 Kemal Ataturk
• Perform a skit in which one person is Ataturk and
  he is trying to reform his citizens. It must show
  the audience what Ataturk tried to do with his
  country regarding nationalism. Skit must use at
  least one prop.
• Group 3 Mohandas Gandhi
• Perform a skit in which one person is Gandhi and
  one person represents the laws of Great Britain.
  Skit must demonstrate what he did to support
  cultural nationalism. Skit must use at least one
  prop.

60
Spanish Civil War

• Answer the following questions found on pages
  771-772 in your books.
• Who was the King of Spain in the 1920s? Alfonso
  II
• Who dominated Spanish life in the 20s? (same
  conditions as French Revolution)
• What happened in 1931?
• What did the new government do for the lower
  classes?
• Which sides did the Leftists and the
  Conservatives support?
• What year did Spains Civil War begin and who led
  it?
• People who supported the new regime were called
  what? People against were called what?
• Who helped the new government leader?
• What happened in the air raids on Guernica?
• Then by 1939, the civil war ended with who in
  charge and what type of government did he set up?

61
Nationalism Around the World

• Define (p. 725)
• Nationalism
• Economic nationalism
• Cultural nationalism.
• Sun Yat Sen (p.735-736)
• What country was he from?
• From 1912-1916 China plunged into a period of
  __________, almost a civil war.
• What country tried to make China a protectorate
  in 1915?
• By the 1920, what new political party, influenced
  by Russias revolution and Marxs ideas, emerged?
• What did Sun Yat Sen plan to do but he died in
  1925 and didnt see the plan through?
• What young leader escaped attacks on the
  communists, to later become Chinas great
  Communist dictator who would lead them to their
  current communist situation?
• Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (p. 728)
• What country was he from?
• What does Ataturk mean?
• What did he do to modernize his country?
• How did he undertake economic or cultural
  nationalist activities?
• Mohandas Ghandi (p. 731)
• What country was he from?
• What religion was he?

62
American Isolationism

• The failure of foreign peace efforts such as the
  disillusioned many Americans about international
  involvement.
• The U.S. was in a major depression throughout the
  1930s and was mostly concerned with its own
  problems.
• Conflict in Europe seemed distant, and the U.S.
  tried to remain neutral. This policy weakened the
  European democracies.

The Nye Committee held congressional hearings in
the mid-1930s, concluding that the U.S. was
tricked into entering WWI by arms manufacturers
and Allied propaganda.
63
Vichy France1940-1942

• Southern France was controlled by a French
  Government who collaborated, or worked with,
  Hitler
• Collaboration was seen by some as patriotism, a
  way to keep Hitler from completely controlling
  France
• Citizens were divided and many turned against
  each other
• WWI veterans saw it as giving in to Hitlers
  demands
• The Vichy government gave up all Jewish citizens
  to the Gestapo, the German police
• Resistance fighters, with the support of Great
  Britain, began guerilla warfare against the Vichy
• They snuck Jews to Palestine and across the
  Pyrenees Mts. To Spain
• When discovered they were sent to concentration
  camps or killed
• Eventually Hitler occupied the free zone anyway

64
Theaters of War Where WWII Was Fought
Europe
Atlantic Ocean
Asia
North Africa
Pacific
65
HITLERS WWII PARTNERS

66
India
Brazil
THE ALLIED POWERS IN WWII
67
WWII Ends
68
Germany was destroyed after WWII
69
The Tehran Conference - 1943

• The big Three - U.S. (Franklin D. Roosevelt),
  Great Britain (Winston Churchill), Russia
  (Stalin)
• Planned final war strategy

70
The Yalta Conference - 1945

• The big Three decide how to split up war-torn
  Europe

71
The Potsdam Conference - 1945

• The big Three - (Harry S. Truman F.D.R. had
  died decide to divide and occupy Germany, and
  Berlin, between the four winning allied nations
  to rebuild it
• Russia makes their portion communist
• Western countries rule under capitalism and
  democracy- hold government elections, have free
  enterprise

72
Berlin Divided

• United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R.) cuts
  off all roads, including food supplies, to their
  section
• The US creates a round-the-clock airlift for the
  city, the Berlin Airlift for a year.
• By 1961 USSR builds a wall preventing citizens
  from walking to either side of the city

73
WWII Ends
2. U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as the only
superpowers 3. France and Great Britain in debt
to U.S. 4. Japan will never again be a military
power 5. Cold War

• 1. United Nations established 1945, 50
  countries meet in San Francisco to establish the
  UN.
• The UN set up a General Assembly with leading
  Security Council members-US, USSR, Great Britain,
  France, and China same as today.
• The Goal? Prevent WWIII.

74
Marshall Plan

• George Marshall U.S. Secretary of State proposed
  we rebuild Europe to help it fight hunger and
  poverty and make it better able to resist
  communism.

75
The Marshall Plan cont.

• The US even offers to help the Soviet Union and
  Eastern Europe but they refuse.
• In all the United States will spend more than
  12.5 billion dollars to aid war torn Europe.

76
Increased Cold War Tensions

• 1949 US, Canada and nine western European
  countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization (NATO).
• 1955 New Soviet Leader (Stalin Dies 1953)
  Nikita Khrushchev signs Warsaw Pact, allying with
  Eastern European countries Hungary, Yugoslavia,
  Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania,
  Bulgaria

77
Creation of Israel
78
Review Game
79

• Choose the name for the government that ruled a
  free France for 2 years after Hitler attacked.
• Vichy
• Verdun
• Venice
• Versailles

80

• Who was the American commander of the Pacific
  campaign?

General Douglas MacArthur
81

• Pick the reason that is NOT a cause of WWII
• nationalism
• Hitler
• The Russian Revolution
• Treaty of Versailles

The Russian revolution caused suffering in Russia
but didnt affect the rest of Europe as much
82
Bataan Death March

• What was the name of the event where U.S. forces
  in the Philippines were forced by their Japanese
  captors to march 60 miles in sweltering tropical
  heat to their Prisoner of War camps?

83

• Who was not a member of the allied nations
• Italy
• Russia
• Japan
• France

Italy dropped out two years into the war.
Russia joined because Hitler attacked them.
84

• In the movie Charlotte Gray Vichy officer, before
  he interrogates the old Jewish man, says I would
  say with my hand on my heart, that there is no
  greater act of patriotism than to collaborate.
  How would the old man, who fought in WWI, feel
  about that statement?
• defeated
• angry
• ambivalent
• concerned

WWI veterans would feel angry about that
statement because they fought against Germany in
WWI, and collaboration is like giving in
85

• Who was the dictator of Russia during WWII?

Stalin
86

• What does the phrase island hopping refer to?
• The way the Hawaiian Islands were formed
• A new type of warfare the Japanese invented
• A new way of partying during WWII
• The method by which the Marines fought in the
  Pacific War of WWII

Some marines fought on more than 100 islands
during WWII
87

• What is the name of the plans that Stalin
  undertook to industrialize his country and where
  he moved all the peasants onto collective work
  farms?

The Five Year Plans
88

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt didnt make the Potsdam
  Conference of 1946 because he was
• preoccupied
• dead
• nervous
• at war

He died of Polio
89

• What is the vocabulary word that means hatred of
  Jews, which many people in Europe felt even
  before Hitler starting talking about eliminating
  them?

Anti-semitic
90

• What is the name of the battle where Hitlers 9th
  Army attacked the Russian capital city, named
  after its dictator, and completely demolished it?

Battle of Stalingrad
91

• What is the discovery that U.S. troops found in
  Germany when they crossed the Rhine River?

Concentration camps
92

• Which Vice President represented the U.S. in the
  big three at the Potsdam Conference after FDR
  died?
• Nixon
• Kennedy
• Truman
• MacArthur

93

• What is the largest concentration camp in Poland?

Auschwitz
94

• The Potsdam Conference is important because it
• Created the conditions for the Cold War to happen
• Made Stalin angry because he thought the Soviet
  Union should get more land
• Was the third major conference between the Big
  Three
• None of the above

It put the U.S. and Soviet Union in control of
different parts of Germany
95

• T or F China was a member of the AXIS powers in
  WWII.

False
China was attacked and controlled by Japan before
and during WWII
96

• Where did U.S. troops attack first in WWII?
• N. Africa
• Japan
• Germany
• Russia

They werent prepared for the hot and arid
conditions they would face fighting in the Sahara
Desert but Germany had troops there too
97

• Pick the reason that the United States joined the
  war?
• The sinking of the Lusitania
• The bombing of oil refineries on the California
  coast
• The bombing of Pearl Harbor
• The bombing of London

Caused joining WWI
Happened after pearl harbor
Happened after pearl harbor
98

• What does D-Day, otherwise known as Operation
  Overlord, refer to in WWII?
• When U.S. troops attacked the beaches of Japan
• When U.S. troops stormed the beaches of Normandy,
  France
• When U.S. troops finally crossed into Germany
• When U.S. troops dropped the A-bomb on Japan

99

• Why was the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific
  a strategic necessity for U.S. forces?
• It had oil reserves U.S. ships needed
• They needed to land their B-52 bombers there
• It was a good place to build a Naval base
• It was next to a major shipping supply line for
  Japanese forces and U.S. forces wanted to cut
  them off from it

100

• Guadalcanal was important also because
• The indigenous culture was wiped out
• It had historic relics that we ruined
• It was the first air war in the Pacific
• It was the first ground war fought in the Pacific

101

• The United States was lucky at Pearl Harbor
  because
• The Japanese didnt bomb all of the aircraft at
  the inland airfield
• They didnt fly farther in and bomb supply
  stations
• Our aircraft carriers werent at port there, and
  we later used them to win the war
• All of the above

102

• The Marshall Plan said we should pay to rebuild
  Europe with the purpose, or goal, of
• Keeping communism from taking hold there
• Making competitive economies to ours
• Alleviating hunger
• Eliminating fascism

103

• The Japanese commander who designed the attack on
  Pearl Harbor and who the U.S. killed in a later
  air raid in the Pacific
• Yamamoto
• Hirohito
• Emperor Meiji
• Yamaguchi

104

• Pick the country that was the first communist
  country in the world
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• Russia

105

• What treaty did we make with Japan after WWII?
• We would help pay for them to rebuild their
  military if they wouldnt use it against us
• We would bomb them again if they attack us
• We would protect them but they cant build up
  their military again
• We would allow them to control the Pacific Ocean
  to facilitate trade with China

106

• Which conference involving the big three was
  the most important in terms of what was decided
• Potsdam
• Berlin
• Tehran
• Yalta

107

• Who is the Marshall Plan named after? (Hint
  Hillary Clinton shares the same position)

U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall
108

• What did the allies do with Germany at the end of
  the war?
• Distributed anti-Hitler pamphlets
• Held free elections for all Germans
• Argued over who would rule
• Divided it (relatively) equally among themselves

109

• Why is WWII truly a world war, whereas WWI
  wasnt really a world war.

WWI took place mostly in Europe WWII took place
all around the Pacific, in North Africa, all over
Europe, and even in the United States