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ED Thoracotomy Scott Nguyen, MD Elmhurst Hospital Center

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ED Thoracotomy Scott Nguyen, MD Elmhurst Hospital Center July 27, 2005 ED Thoractomy Definition: Thoracotomy performed in the Emergency Department for resuscitation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ED Thoracotomy Scott Nguyen, MD Elmhurst Hospital Center


1
ED Thoracotomy
  • Scott Nguyen, MD
  • Elmhurst Hospital Center
  • July 27, 2005

2
ED Thoractomy
  • Definition Thoracotomy performed in the
    Emergency Department for resuscitation of
    patients arriving in extremis.

3
Procedure Left Anterolateral Thoracotomy
4
Clamshell Thoracotomy
5
  • Purpose

6
Release Pericardial Tamponade
7
Control Intrathoracic Hemorrhage
8
Eliminate massive air embolism or bronchopleural
fistula
  • Post intubation positive pressure ventilation
  • Get air transfer across traumatic alveolovenous
    channels
  • Pulmonary hilar cross clamping
  • Air aspirated from L ventricular apex and aortic
    root
  • Cardiac massage

9
Perform Open Cardiac Massage
  • Bimanual internal massage with hands in a hinged
    clapping motion
  • Ventricular compression proceeding from apex to
    base of heart

10
Occlude Descending Thoracic Aorta
11
Futile?
  • Overall survival 4-5
  • Little to Lose
  • Exists a risk to Health care workers
  • Risk blood contact
  • 26 trauma pts HIV or Hepatitis
  • Health care costs
  • J Trauma. 1998 Jul45(1)87-94

12
Selective Application of ED Thoracotomy
  • Mechanism of Injury
  • Presence of Vital Signs
  • Location of Injury
  • Other Signs of Life

13
Survival based on mechanism
J Trauma. 1998 Jul45(1)87-94
14
Presence of vital signs
J Trauma. 1998 Jul45(1)87-94
15
Survival based on organ injured
JACS 2000 Mar190(3)288-98.
16
Conclusions
  • ER thoracotomy considered in pts w/
  • Presence of vital signs in field or hospital
  • Better results in penetrating cardiac injury
  • Results w/ Blunt trauma poor, but survivors exist
  • Contraindicated in pts w/
  • No vital signs, Asystole

17
But what about Pulseless Electrical Activity
(PEA)?
18
Other Signs of Life (SOL)
JACS 2000 Mar190(3)288-98.
19
What about PEA?
26/62 (42) ED Thoracotomy survivors had PEA
requiring CPR
JACS 199211-215, 2004
20
PEA?
  • ED Thoracotomy Indicated
  • PEA after penetrating trauma from stabs
  • Up to 70 good outcomes
  • PEA after blunt trauma
  • Typically poor outcome, but occasionally will
    have a survivor
  • If CPR gt 5 min, contraindicated

JACS 199211-215, 2004
21
Algorithm Penetrating Trauma
Thoracotomy
J Trauma. 1998 Jul45(1)87-94
22
Algorithm Blunt Trauma
Thoracotomy
J Trauma. 1998 Jul45(1)87-94
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