Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece
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Greek Components
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The Greek World

• Creative people
• Time thinking about purpose of life
• Organizing and doing
• Democracy
• History, philosophy, drama and theater ideas
  born.
• First olympics.
• Map of Ancient Greece

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Greek Timeline

• B.C. and A.D.
• 1500 years ago, a monk worked out a Christian
  system for dating events, starting with the year
  he believed Christ was born. He called the years
  after this event anno Domini (in the year of the
  Lord) and the years before Christs birth are
  before Christ.
• To data an event before Christ we count backwards
  from 1.
• Ancient Greek Timeline

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Great Greeks!
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Revolutionary Ideas

• Freedom (every district separated by mountains or
  the sea distinct groups)
• No one leader, believe in worth of the individual
• Each person do their very best (excellence) at
  any task he/she undertook
• Balance Mind and Body
• Nothing in excess and Know thyself

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Greek Pottery

• Large deposits of clays available
• Red-figured (background painted black and figures
  left in natural red of clay)
• Black-figured (painted in black over red clay)art
• Functional and beautiful
• The Greek word for ceramics comes from keramos.
  This name came from Keramikos, a part of Athens
  near or around the Dipylon Gate. Potters lived
  and produced their wares in this area.

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Greek Architecture

• Columns
• Doric
• Ionic
• Corinthian
• Seen in several of the buildings
• Parthenon
• Temples
• Theaters
• Closer Look

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The Acropolis

• City of Athens built around a flat-topped
  limestone rock call the Acropolishigh city
• Built a wall around it, dedicated it to Athena
  (Battle Goddess and later Goddess of reason,
  wisdom and purity)
• Religious shrine and fortress, lots of temples to
  honor their gods goddesses

View the Acropolis
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City-States

• City-States (polispolitical organization)
  meaning the city, land around it and all the
  population.
• Symbolized home, nation, country and religion
• Every citizen participated in the life and
  government of the polis
• Small enough for every citizen (only males who
  could vote counted), around 5,040 citizens
  totalling around 50,000 including women
  children
• All came together as a unit when threatened by
  foreign power
• Athens, Sparta, Corinth, Thebes (check out the
  cities)

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Athens

• First democracy
• Golden Age (grew, five miles from the sea)
• Governed by a king that later became a member of
  the Areopagus, a council of statesmen. Statesmen
  prepared political matters for the general
  assembly to vote on and also judged murder
  trials.
• City grew, problems between the farmers and
  aristocrats, so economic and social reforms to
  make Athens first democracy in 594B.C.
• Survived two Persian Wars, surrendered to Sparta
  during Peloponnesian War in 404B.C.

Virtual Tour
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Sparta

• Second best known city-state
• Military state, closed society
• Valleys of Peloponnesus, fertile well-watered,
  three sides surrounded by mountains (great
  defense)

• Spartans
• Male/female rigorouslytrained from birth,
  physically
• Boys taken from families at age 7 to live in
  barracks, began their only career, a soldier
• Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance,
  and skills of a soldier.
• Close-shaved heads, marched barefoot.

• Three classes of people
• Spartans, decendents of Dorians, rulers (best
  soldiers in the world)
• Helots, slaves of the state (not able to vote)
• Free farmers and craftsmen (not able to vote)
• History of Spartans

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Life as a Spartan boy

• Male/female rigorously trained from birth,
  physically
• Boys taken from families at age 7 to live in
  barracks, began their only career, a soldier
• Learned total obedience, superhuman endurance,
  and skills of a soldier.
• Close-shaved heads, marched barefoot.
• Story of a Spartan boy who stole a fox, hid it
  under his garment and it ate a hole in his
  stomach, but would never show pain or admit
  theft.
• Age 20 - 30 cadet, guarding the borders, policed
  the country and controlled the slaves. Kill
  anyone who was rebellious or showed potential
  leadership (Crispin)
• Age 30, married, mature enjoyed rights and duties
  of a citizen until 60, military duty over then
  train youth or public service
• Lost only two battles in 500 years, terrifying
  in combat, wearing garlands on their heads and
  marching to a pipers religious hymn, total
  order, now fear
• Life as a Spartan Family

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Marathon

• Bay of Marathon 20, 000 Medes and Persians landed
• Greeks meet them with 10,000 Athenians and 1,000
  Plateans
• Before the battle Athenians, sent the fastest
  runner in Greece to bring help from Sparta (150
  miles away)
• Spartans wouldnt come, religious festival (took
  only two days of running)
• Greeks watching Persians from the hills around
  Marathn, outnumbered, but decided to take them by
  surprise
• Persians thought Greeks crazy and retreated to
  ships and destroyed 7 of their ships, they
  retreated.
• Persians thought Greeks crazy and retreated to
  ships and destroyed 7 of their ships, they
  retreated.
• Sent Pheidippides (already exhausted) to race the
  25 miles back to Athens to tell of their victory

• Uttered Rejoice, we conquer and died.
• April 10, 1896 twenty-five young men started
  running toward Athens from Marathon to recreate
  that 25 mile run.
• 1908 changed from 25 miles to 26 miles, later
  Boston Marathon changed to 26.2 distance from
  its starting to ending points.

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Life as a Spartan Girl

• Freest in Greece
• Participated in many sports in public
• Throw the discus, wrestled, learned to use
  javelin (instrument of war)
• Healthy mothers healthy children for their state

Sparta details
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First OlympicsMotto Citius, Altius, Fortius
(Latin Faster, Higher, Braver) in 1895 by
Father Didon, a French Educator

• Goal to contribute to a peaceful and better
  world by educating youth through sport, which is
  practiced without discrimination of any kind and
  in the olympic spirit of friendship, solidarity
  and fair play.
• Creed The most important thing in the Olympic
  Games is not to win, but to take part, just as
  the most important thing in life is not the
  triumph, but the struggle. The essential thing
  is not to have conquered, but to have fought
  well.

First Olympics
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Olympic Rings Symbol

• Five rings symbolize the five continents
  represented in the games (Europe, Asia, Oceania
  and the Americas)
• Colors of the rings Blue, Yellow, Black, Green
  and Red (every countrys flag in these continents
  has at least one of these colors in it)

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Greek Mythology

• Myths are symbolic stories created by the ancient
  peoples to explain their world. When the ancient
  Greeks were frightened and did not understand
  what was going on, they created a story to
  explain it
• example did not understand thunder, so created
  a story about a god that was angry and shook the
  heavens
• Gods and Goddesses
• Exciting stories, well-defined characters, heroic
  action, challengin situations and deep emotions
  (magic, beauty, strong visual images)

How well do you know your Gods Goddesses?
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Aesops Fables

• Aesop was a Greek slave who wrote fables
• Fables are short stories that teach a moral
  truth.
• Simple plots, animal characters symbolizing human
  traits and explicitly stated morals

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Ancient Instrument

• Greek lyre
• Made from large tortoise shell
• Similar to Harp of today
• Apollo, the God of Music, played for other Gods
  on Mount Olympus

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Greek Roots

• Many of our words today are borrowed from the
  Ancient Greeks
• The root of many words like telescope (telefar
  off) or thermometer (thermoheat)

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Greek Alphabet

• The word alphabet comes from alpha and beta, the
  first two characters in the Greek alphabet.

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Greek Literature

• Iliad and the Odyssey, by blind poet Homer
• Written and recited as songs
• Iliad means poem about Troy, tells a tale of a
  great hero or many great heros
• Odyssey, brother to Iliad