Addition and Subtraction of Integers

1
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
In this tutorial, we will learn how to add and
subtract signed numbers with the help of a toy
car. The line the car sitting on is called the
number line, where the positive numbers are on
the right and the negative numbers are on the
left.
2
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
The car will stick to the following rules 1. It
always starts at 0 (its home) facing right. 2. If
it sees a positive number, it moves forward. 3.
If it sees a negative number, it backs up. 4. If
it sees an addition sign, it continues to read
the next number. 5. If it sees a subtraction
sign, it turns around and then continues to read
the next number.
Click to see the first example.
3
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right(click to see
  animation)

4
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right

5
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right

6
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

7
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the car will move 4 more units forward
because it sees the number 4.(click to see next
animation.)
8
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the car will move 4 more units forward
because it sees the number 4.(click to see next
animation.)
9
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the car will move 4 more units forward
because it sees the number 4.
Since the car now stops at 6, the answer to 2 4
is 6.
(click to see the next example)
10
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.(Click to see animation)

11
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.

12
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.

13
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.
• Next it will move forward by 5 units.(click to
  see animation)

14
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.
• Next it will move forward by 5 units.

15
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.
• Next it will move forward by 5 units.

16
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 2 units (to the left) because it
  sees the - sign.
• Next it will move forward by 5 units.Now it
  stops at 3, therefore the answer to (-2) 5 is
  3.

Please go to the next tutorial for subtractions.
17
Subtraction

• There is a big difference between addition and
  subtraction.
• In addition, our car is always facing right,
  because that is the positive direction,
• but in subtraction, the car has to turn around
  (180 deg) first.

Click when you are ready.
18
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.(Click to start
  animation)

19
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.

20
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.

21
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.

22
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .
• Click to see animation.

23
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .

24
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .

25
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .
• Finally it will move forward (to the left) by 3
  units.
• click to see animation.

26
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .
• Finally it will move forward (to the left) by 3
  units.

27
Example 3 5 3

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then moves forward 5 units.
• Next it will turn around because it sees the
  subtraction symbol .
• Finally it will move forward (to the left) by 3
  units.

Since the car stops at 2, the answer to 5 3
must be 2.
Click to see the next example.
28
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.(Click to see
  animation.)

29
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.

30
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.

31
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.

32
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.
• Now it has turn around because of the subtraction
  symbol .

(click to go on)
33
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.
• Now it has turn around because of the subtraction
  symbol .

34
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Our car still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then backs up 4 units because it sees the
  negative symbol - in front of 4.
• Now it has turn around because of the subtraction
  symbol .

35
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

(click to go on)
36
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

37
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

38
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

39
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

40
Example 4 (-4) 2

• Finally it moves forward by 2 units.

The car now stops at -6, therefore the answer to
(-4) 2 is -6.
Click to see the next example.
41
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• (Click to see animation)

42
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

43
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

44
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

45
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

46
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.(Click to see the next
  animation)

47
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.

48
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.

49
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.
• It then backs up 3 steps because it sees the
  negative sign.(click to see animation)

50
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.
• It then backs up 3 steps because it sees the
  negative sign.

51
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.
• It then backs up 3 steps because it sees the
  negative sign.

52
Example 5 2 (-3)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.
• Now the car has to turn around because it sees
  the subtraction sign.
• It then backs up 3 steps because it sees the
  negative sign.Since the car stops at 5, the
  answer to 2 (-3) is 5.

Click to see the next example.
53
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3. (click to see
  animation)

54
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.

55
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.

56
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.

57
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.

58
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.(click to see animation)

59
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.

60
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.

61
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.
• Finally it has to back up 5 units because the
  next number is -5.(click to see animation)

62
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.
• Finally it has to back up 5 units because the
  next number is -5.

63
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.
• Finally it has to back up 5 units because the
  next number is -5.

64
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.
• Finally it has to back up 5 units because the
  next number is -5.

65
Example 6 (-3) (-5)

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It backs up 3 units in the beginning because it
  sees a - sign in front of the 3.
• Next it has to turn around because it sees the
  sign.
• Finally it has to back up 5 units because the
  next number is -5.
• The answer is therefore 2.

The End, thanks for watching!
66
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
In this tutorial, we will learn how to add and
subtract signed numbers with the help of a
rabbit. The line the rabbit sitting on is called
the number line, where the positive numbers are
on the right and the negative numbers are on the
left.
67
Addition and Subtraction of Integers
The rabbit will stick to the following rules 1.
It always starts at 0 (its home) facing right. 2.
If it sees a positive number, it hops forward. 3.
If it sees a negative number, it hops
backward. 4. If it sees an addition sign, it
continues to read the next number. 5. If it sees
a subtraction sign, it turns around and then
continues to read the next number.
Click to see the first example.
68
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right(click to see
  animation)

69
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right

70
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right

71
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the rabbit will move 4 more units
forward because it sees the number 4.(click to
see next animation.)
72
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the rabbit will move 4 more units
forward because it sees the number 4.
73
Example 1 2 4

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the rabbit will move 4 more units
forward because it sees the number 4.
74
Example 1 2 4

• Our car starts from 0 facing right.
• It then moves 2 units to the right.

3. Next the car will move 4 more units forward
because it sees the number 4.
Since the rabbit now stops at 6, the answer to 2
4 is 6.
(click to see the next example)
75
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.(Click to see
  animation)

76
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.

77
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.

78
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.

• Next it will hop forward by 5 units. (click to
  see animation)

79
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.

• Next it will hop forward by 5 units.

80
Example 2 (-2) 5

• Our rabbit starts from 0 facing right.
• It then hops backward 2 units (to the left)
  because it sees the - sign.

• Next it will hop forward by 5 units.

The rabbit stops at 3, hence (-2) 5 3
81
Subtraction

• There is a big difference between addition and
  subtraction.
• In addition, our rabbit is always facing right,
  because that is the positive direction,
• but in subtraction, the rabbit has to turn around
  (180 deg) first.

3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
Click whenever you are ready.
82
Example 3 5 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.(Click to see
  animation.)

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
83
Example 3 5 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
84
Example 3 5 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
85
Example 3 5 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.

3. Now the rabbit sees the subtraction sign,
and will turn around.
6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
86
Example 3 5 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.

3. Now the rabbit sees the subtraction sign,
and will turn around.
6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
87
Example 3 5 - 3

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 5 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 5.

3. Now the rabbit sees the subtraction sign,
and will turn around.
4. Finally the rabbit sees the number 3, and so
it jumps forward by 3 units.
6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
The rabbit now stops at 2, hence 5 3 2.
88
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 2 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 2.(Click to see
  animation.)

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
89
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 2 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 2.

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
90
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Our rabbit still starts at 0 facing right.
• It then hops forward 2 units because it sees no
  negative symbol in front of 2.

3. Next the rabbit has to turn around because it
sees the subtraction sign. (click to see)
6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
91
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .(click
  to see animation)

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
92
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .(click
  to see animation)

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
93
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
94
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
95
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .

6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3
96
Example 4 2 (-3)

• Finally our rabbit will hop backward 3 units
  because it sees the negative number -3 .

When the rabbit finishes its jumps, it stops at
5, hence the answer to 2 (-3) is 5.
6
3
4
5
0
1
2
-1
-2
-3