John Wyclif or Wycliffe

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John Wyclif or Wycliffe

• At least 28 different spellings

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John Wycliffe

• Prominent in 1350 as an English Reformer during
  the Great Schism.
• Born between 1320 1330 in Ipresswell, England
  About 44 miles NW of York.

Hapswell, England
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John Wycliffe

• Educated at Oxford (same place as William of
  Ockham or Occam)
• At this time Oxford was a RCC University
• He was a strong scholar, philosopher, and
  theologian who was a platotist or realist as
  opposed to nominalist.

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3 Views that were very controversial

• Opposed the ability of the corrupt church to
  collect taxes. (This made him popular with the
  government.)
• Opposed the corrupt civil authorities (oops there
  goes his popularity)
• Opposed transubstantiation had a real presence
  view of communion

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John Wycliffe

• His followers translated the Bible into English
  from the Vulgate. Was revised by John Purvey in
  1384.
• Died Dec 31, 1384 of a stroke and buried on
  church grounds.

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John Wycliffe

• Declared a heretic at the Council of Constance
  1415 was exhumed, burned and his ashes were
  thrown into the Swift River.

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Major Views of John Wycliffe

• Sola Scriptura, the Bible is the only
  authoritative guide for faith and practice.
• Attacked the institution of the Papacy said
  only Christ was (is) the head of the church.
  Also said the Pope could sin.
• A true church has only two orders Elder and
  Deacon. Thus denying the various orders of monks
  and nuns.

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Major Views of John Wycliffe

• Clergy can get married.
• Denied Baptismal regeneration.
• Denied transubstantiation held real presence view
  same as would Martin Luther

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Major Views of John Wycliffe

• Against Crusades indulgences. And religious
  orders.
• Taught Predestination but not real clear on
  Justification by faith (per James Stitzinger)

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Major Views of John Wycliffe

• Followers called the Lollards or mumblers

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John Huss

• A Bohemian (modern day Czechoslovakia)
• Attended University of Prague and in 1401 became
  Dean of the philosophical facultya humanist
• He became a highly respected preacher in
  Bohemia.

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John Huss

• He adopted many of Wycliffes views about 1403
• Preached against abuses in RCC (Indulgences,
  Popes, Crusades)
• Huss preaching led to tremendous criticism and
  Huss had to flee to Southern Bohemia.

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John Huss

• A Council was called to quell the controversy
• HRE Emperor Sigismund called the Council of
  Constance in 1414 to settle the Papal schism and
  elect a new Pope Martin V

Pope Martin V
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John Huss

• Huss invited promised safety came reluctantly
• A month later he is invited to the Papal Palace
  but is thrown in jail
• There he was given a sort of mock trial

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John Huss

• June granted a public hearing not to give his
  sidebut to answer false trumped up charges 39
  articles
• Declared an obstinate heretic and a disciple of
  Wycliffewas deposed (disposed) stripped of
  priesthood and burned outside the city.

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Huss Doctrine

• Three Kinds of Faith
• Faith about God
• Faith that God and the Word exists
• Faith formed in love

• Three Places to Put Faith
• Mans preparation
• The Pope
• Bible as source of authority

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Huss Doctrine

• Well-articulated views on the Church
• Not clear on Predestination
• I indeed confess that I hold the true opinions
  which master John Wyclif, Professor of Sacred
  theology, taught, not because he declared them,
  but because Scripture and infallible reason
  declare them John Huss

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2 Forms of Followers

• Hussites Morovians
• Hussites turned back to Catholic
• Morovians more toward Luther

Hussites
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William Tyndale 1494-1536

• Born in Gloucestershire, studied from 1510-1515
  at Magdalene Hall Oxford and later at Cambridge
• Received persecution in England, he fled to the
  HRE (Germany) and never came back
• Known for his translation of the New Testament
  which he completed in Germany in 1525

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William Tyndale

• Frequently revised his translation all his life.
  Also translated several O.T. books. His
  translation was from the original languages.
• Had a tough life! Was shipwrecked once where he
  lost his manuscripts. Had secret agents (007)
  following him. Police raids at his printer, often
  betrayed by friends

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William Tyndale

• LessonSatan doesnt want Gods word out there.
• In 1535, he was arrested, imprisoned at
  Vilvorde, near Brussels. Strangled and burned at
  the stake Oct. 6, 1536

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William Tyndale -- Major Doctrines

• Stress on the authority of Scripture
• Held to a pure church
• Opposed baptismal regeneration
• Justification by faith
• Held Zwinglis view of the Lords Supper as a
  memorial
• (W. Tyndalefrom class notes. 2000 Masters
  Seminary, James Stitzinger)

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Girolamo Savonarola 1452-1498

• A RCC Reformer
• An Italian Reformer in Florence who joined the
  Dominicans in 1474 after a girl dumped him
• A follower of Thomas Aquinas but not a very good
  priest

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Girolamo Savonarola

• Became an excellent preacher settled in
  Florence. Preached against the materialism and
  sins of the city
• Kept the French King Charles VIII from invading
  Florence

King Charles VIII
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Girolamo Savonarola

• Led Florence to flee their immorality and
  pleasure loving by having huge pyramid shaped
  bon-fires where people threw gambling equipment,
  cosmetics, fancy furniture, false hair etc

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Girolamo Savonarola

• Pope Alex VI tried to win him back to the RCC by
  offering him a position as Cardinal
• Savonarola denounced the Pope then was
  excommunicated
• 1498 he was arrested, tried for heresy, hanged
  then burned. During his torture he recanted
  several times but they burned him anyway.

Pope Alex VI
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Girolamo Savonarola Doctrinal Views

• Not as evangelistic as Wycliffe more a moral
  preacher. Ascetic in nature
• Was submissive to the RCC said Whoever departs
  from the (RCC) Church departs from Christ

• Preached moral action
• Augustinian view of salvationas a gift of God
• Had visions and prophecy