THE CIVIL WAR

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THE CIVIL WAR

• 1861-1865

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The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned
Slavery

• Read What If The Declaration of Independence Had
  Condemned Slavery? Read pages 116117 of your
  textbook and answer the questions on the
  following slides.

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The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned
Slavery

• 1. Why do you think Thomas Jefferson, who was a
  slaveholder, wanted to include this paragraph?

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The Declaration of Independence Had Condemned
Slavery

• 2. Would the course of American history have
  changed significantly if the Declaration of
  Independence had included Jeffersons statement?
  If so, how? If not, why not?

• Possible reasons the colonies may not have
  united to throw off British rule, individual
  colonies may have struggled for their own
  independence, or slavery may have ended sooner
  than it actually did.

CA HI2, HI3, HI4
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Why did the founders not make provisions in the
constitution?

• It was a dying practice at the time!
• Until the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 by
  Eli Whitney
• Made southern plantations larger and had more of
  a need for slave labor
• They called it a necessary evil
• Made slavery part of southern culture and
  increased the population

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Society after Independence

• Second Great Awakening and social reform
• Changes in rehabilitation-hospitals and prisons
• Temperance movement-prohibition
• Womens rights-suffrage movement
• Public education instituted
• Abolition movement

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American Expansion/Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Conflict between north and south when states were
  added to American territory
• Would the new state be a free or slave state?
• Missouri Compromise, 1820
• Compromise that made Missouri a slave state and
  Maine a free state

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Deep Rooted Differences

• North
  South
• Abolitionists
  Slavery
• Vocal northerners who called The 1/3
  population who
• For immediate freedom and claimed they
  needed
• Political rights for blacks
  slavery for the ag. based
• economy. Thought it
  would bring chaos to the
  south.

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• North South
• Industry/city Cotton/Ag./country
• 1860 northern states South's provided 3/4
• contained 4/5 of U.S. of worlds cotton. No
• factories and 2/3 of cities needed or
• Nations R.R. mileage wanted.
• Progress/ Change Tradition
• People were forced to Well-mannered and
  proud
• change due to industry. of their traditional
  slow
• Embraced change and way of life. No need
  for
• the future. Change in
  their society.

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• North South
• Union Preservation States Rights
• States did not have the Believed the Union
• right to break up the was a collection
  of
• greatest democratic sovereign states.
  
• experiment the world Viewed the North
• has ever known. as invaders, so
  they
• left
  the union.

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Compromise of 1850

• Gave Texas 10 million to abandon eastern New
  Mexico territory
• New Mexico was split into two territories and
  made slave or free by popular sovereignty basis
• Made California a free state
• Expansion of slavery still unsolved

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II. Slavery and Western Expansion (pages
195198)
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Dred Scott Decision, 1854

• Dred Scott, a slave moved to a free state,
  Illinois, with his master
• His master died and he sued for freedom
• The case reached the supreme court and he denied
  a hearing because he was not a citizen
• This outraged abolitionists

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Kansas/Nebraska Act(1854)

• Act organized Kansas and Nebraska to be divided
  into territories on the basis of popular
  sovereignty. The new states would be received
  into the Union with or without slavery, as
  outlined in their state constitution at the time
  of their admission.
• Northerners quickly moved to the territory to
  create an antislavery majority.
• Pro-slavery Missourians also hurried to Kansas.
  They voted illegally to elect a pre-slavery
  legislature.
• In response, antislavery settlers held a
  convention and wrote a constitution that excluded
  slavery. Then, Kansas had two governments
• This later led to the Johns Brown raid and the
  first bloodshed of the Civil War.

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Emancipation Proclamation

• Slaves within any state, or designated part of a
  state shall be forever free. January 1st, 1863
  During the Civil War.
• This was the Forefather for the 13th Amendment
  outlawing slavery in1865.
• 200,000 slaves left the South to fight alongside
  the union troops in the North.
• Main Cause of Civil War was slavery? economics,
  also about power State vs. Federal

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Reconstruction 1865-1877

• Arguable that the Civil Rights movement started
  after Civil War and is still happening today.
• Lincolns goal was to reconcile with the S.,
  instead of punishing if for treason.
• Originally became more of a battle of who had
  power the Congress (states) or the President
  ( Federal).
• 1st Reconstruction Act set up military districts
  to enforce Federal laws.
• 13th Amendment (1865) abolished slavery.
• 14th Amendment All person except Native American
  Indians citizenship. Enabled due process under
  law.
• 15th Amendment all citizens could vote.

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Reconstruction Overview

• Southern states allowed back into the Union with
  ratification of New Constitution including 13, 14
  and 15 Amendments. Once ratified federal troops
  withdrew.
• Civil Rights Act of 1875 Gave all people equal
  accommodations under the law Inns, RR, Boats,
  Theaters, Not Schools
• 1883 it was declared unconstitutional because it
  lacked federal backing.

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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (R) 1868

• Power Struggle-Johnson (federal) vs. Congress
  (State)
• Johnson vs. Congress
• Northerners wanted to reconstruct south
• Southerners wanted revenge against the north
• Nothing to do with Civil rights.
• Impeachment 1 vote short (35-19) of removing him
  from office.

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Supremacy Groups

• Several southern supremacy groups unhappy with
  policies of Reconstruction.
• KKK patterned after college fraternity (Kappa
  Alpha) sheets represented the confederate dead.
  They basically became a terrorists group.
• Lead to force bills violating civil rights
  became a federal offense.
• Between 1882-1901 some 2000 African-Americans
  were lynched

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Compromise of 1877 Reconstruction Ended? Broken
Promises

• Flawed Electoral College
• Tilden received 51 of vote. (184 electoral
  votes)
• Hayes received 48 of vote. (166 electoral votes)
• 19 votes still to be decided. Republicans gave
  votes to Hayes in exchange for the removal of
  Federal Troops.
• No federal troops to enforce laws everything went
  backwards thus ending reconstruction.

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Electoral Vote Breakdown