Dengue Fever (Pronounced as Dhen Gey)

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Dengue Fever(Pronounced as Dhen Gey)

• Facts we all need to know
• by
• Dr.R.V.S.N.Sarma., M.D.,

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Alternative Names

• Onyong- Nyang Fever
• West Nile Fever
• Break Bone Fever
• Dengue like Disease

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Inter play of three factors
WE
Interaction
The Virus
The Mosquito
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The Virus

• Dengue Virus

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The Dengue Virus

• Four types (flavours)
• Type 1 to 4 (named very cleverly)
• Transmitted by mosquito
• Indian national airliner for most germs!

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Dengue Virus
Electron Micrograms
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The Aircraft for Dengue
Difficult name to pronounce? We have to ask its
parents (Zoologists) Aedes aegypti (Infected
Female Mosquito) mostly females are dangerous
anyway joking!
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Watch out ! This Mosquito

• Day biting normally catches us unaware
• Loves / lives in fresh water in homes
• Lays eggs preferentially in jars, discarded
  containers, coconut shells, old tires etc.
• Year round breeding
• Tropical regions like our mother India are its
  favorite zones.
• It is an urban mosquito

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The Aircraft (Aedes aegypti)
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This special mosquito
Transmits Many Dangerous illnesses
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See our greatness!
Prevalent from centuries
Highly prevalent now
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Dengue Fever

• Dengue viruses 4 flavours cause it
• It is transmitted by a mosquito- the Aedes
  aegypti
• It is generally an animal virus
• Man is accidentally infected
• Other vertebrates are the reservoirs

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Dengue Transmission Cycle
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Dengue colourful features!

• Clinical Features

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Dengue Presentations

• Like any other viral fever- not clear cut
• Dengue Fever with Muscle pains
• this is classical presentation in 90 cases
• Dengue Fever with bleeding in 7
• Dengue the dangerous form in 3

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Bleeding from where?

• Bleeding into skin
• From Gums
• From Nose
• Into our food passages
• Blood in urine

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What do we experience ?

• 27 days after the mosquito had its dinner on us
  we may develop
• Sudden onset of fever, chills, headache
• Back pain with severe muscle and joint pains
• Pain behind the eyes and on moving the eyes
• Nick name - Break bone fever- pains so severe
• Red patches or spots on the skin
• Mild nose bleeds
• This is the ordinary classical
• Non dangerous form!

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What is the end result?

• Complete recovery is the rule
• Severe weakness many persist for many days
  after the fever leaves us

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Skin bleeds
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Dengue The bleeding form

• Blood vessels are affected
• There is severe oozing into tissues
• Bleeding into all possible parts of body
• Blood clotting mechanism is disrupted
• Blood pressure falls and many end in collapse and
  death
• In the best centers 5 of this type of Dengue
  will reach their forefathers

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Bleeding into the eye
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Large bleed into skin
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Bleeding spots in skin
Normal
Dengue
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Rare types of Dengue

• Brain fever
• Liver damage
• Heart damage
• Severe bleeding into stomach

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What are the tests needed?

• Routine blood test
• Tests to check the clotting process
• Special tests to identify the Dengue or
  its foot marks in our blood
• Urine to check protein leak

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Special Test (ELISA)
ELISA Plate
IgM-capture ELISA
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Treatment of Dengue

• Supportive measures Mosquito screen
• Avoid Aspirin and pain killers
• Steroids should not be used
• Plenty of water and salt are required
• Children below 12 require careful watch
• for dangerous form
• No antibiotics are of proven value

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Child with severe form of Dengue
Oxygen IV Fluids Special Care See the tubes
every where Frightening, isnt it?
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Common Misconceptions

• Severe Dengue is only a childhood illness
• No, All ages may be involved
• Sever form is a problem of poor families No,
  The effluent do get very sick

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Can we protect ourselves?

• There is no vaccine available as yet
• But we can prevent the disease by preventing
  ourselves from mosquito bite

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Mosquito Control

• How to prevent mosquito spread?
• Do not allow empty vessels, coconut shells,
  plastic containers, flower pots, tires etc to
  collect rain water in them
• Frequently (once in 2-3 days) empty all water
  storage containers
• Cover your over tanks to prevent mosquitoes
  breeding in fresh water

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How to prevent mosquito bites?

• Screen your homes with mosquito screens like
  Netlon -
• Wear full clothing long sleeves
• Apply mosquito repellents like Odomos
• Keep Dengue fever patient under
  mosquito net
• True community participation is key
•           

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We need to learn

• Each person is a Book !
• Each Day is a Learning Opportunity!!
• Learning has More Relevance
• today than ever !!!

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Reach Yours Sincerely _at_

• Dr.SARMA RVSN
• Voice 91-4116-2309226, 260593
• Mobile [phone]
• E-mail sarma.rvsn_at_gmail.com
• Web site http//www.drsarma.in
• Snail mail 3, Jayanagar, Tiruvallur
• Tamilnadu, INDIA
• Pin 602 001

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Thank You !