Hawthorn

1
Hawthorn

• Actions Cardio tonic, cardio protective,
  antioxidant, hypotensive antiarrhytmic
• Medicinal Uses traditional drug to treat heart
  problems, hypertension, diuretic for kidney
  problems
• Side effects none
• Doses 1-3g flower leaves or berry, by infusion
  fluid extract 3-6 ml, tincture 1-2 ml (3xd)

2
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity

• Flavonoids and procyanidins primarily responsible
  for action
• cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibition, slowly
  developing actions.
• The combined pharmacological effects are
  positively inotropic, chronotropic and
  dromotropic. Its negative bathmotropic effect
  makes this herb unique among anti-arrhythmic
  drugs, plus antilipidemic.
• No toxicity has been noted

3
Herb Drug Interaction

• Antiarrhytmics the herb action is similar to
  class III antiarrhytmics
• Antihypertensive nitrates increased risk of
  hypotension
• Cardiac glycosides increased risk of cardiac
  toxicity.

4
Garlic

• Action Lipid lowering, Anti-hypertensive,
  anti-thrombic, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal,
  anti-bacterial anti-tumor
• Medicinal Uses lower serum cholesterol and
  triglyceride elevate HDL, treatments of
  infections, high blood pressure ,
• Stroke and cancer of GI tract prevention.
• Side effects low-medium
• Doses up to 1 g of std ext 2-5mg allicin.

5
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity

• alliin, converted by the enzyme alliinase to
  allicin.
• Functions Antibacterial/Antifungal-
  Antimycotic/Antiviral- Hypoglycemic -
  Anticoagulant (antiplatelet aggregating) -
  Fibrinolytic activity enhancement - Lipid
  lowering- Antioxidant/Anticancer - Hypotensive
  - Hepatoprotective- Immunomodulatory
• Large oral intakes can lead to gastrointestinal
  symptoms, changes to intestinal flora and
  allergic reactions.
• Garlic is contraindicated before surgery

6
Herb Drug Interaction

• Acetaminophen and other drugs metabolized by
  CYP2E1
• Anticoagulants, NSAIDs, prostacyclin
• Antidiabetics
• Herbs exert anticoagulation, antihyperglycemic
  effect

7
Ginger

• Actions Antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, digestive
  stimulant, antiplatelet, spasmolytic,
  carminative.
• Medicinal uses relieving motion sickness, used
  in variety of GI disorder, prevent lipid
  peroxidation, treat parasitic infections,
  circulatory stimulant (positive inotropic),
  arthritis
• Side effects low
• Doses0.5-1g of fresh or dried root
• 500 mg candy, 1-2ml tincture

8
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity

• volatile oils and nonvolatile pungent compounds
  (zingeberene, curcumene, farnesene, and gingerol,
  shogaol)
• The following functions have been tested
  experimentally
• Anti-emetic activity, Antiserotoninergic activity
  and gastrointestinal motility effect,
• Muscular contractility in the gastrointestinal
  tract.
• Ability to neutralize toxins and anti-tumor
  effect.
• Anti-inflammatory effect.
• Immune system potentiation
• Platelet aggregation ,Fibrinolysis
• No toxicity (at pharmacologic dose) dont use it
  for morning sickness

9
Herb Drug Interaction

• Large doses may increase bleeding time
• Large doses cardiac arrhythmias, depression

10
Milk thistle

• Actions hepatoprotective, antioxidant,
  cholerectic
• Medicinal Uses regeneration of hepatocytes,
  cirrhosis, poisonous, alcoholic liver damage,
  fatty liver, expelling gallstone.
• Side effectsnone low
• Doses 140 mg (2xd std for sylimarine) 1-5ml
  tincture

11
Chemistry, Functions, Toxicity

• Silymarin may stimulate the action of nucleolar
  polymerase A, resulting in an increase in
  ribosomal protein synthesis, thereby stimulating
  the regenerative ability of the liver and the
  formation of new hepatocytes.
• Silybin, the active constituent of silymarin has
  been reported to work as an antioxidant,
  scavenging free radicals.

12
Herb Drug Interaction

• Aspirin improve clearance in patients with
  cirrhosis
• Cisplatin prevent kidney damage
• Disulfiram drugs containing alcohol may cause
  disulfiram like reactions
• Tacrine reduces adverse cholinergic effects
• Hepatotoxic drugs prevent liver damage caused by
  butyrophenones, phenothiazines, phenytoin,
  acetaminophen, and halothane.