ICAO State Safety Programme (SSP) Implementation Course

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(No Transcript)
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SSP A structured approach
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Objective

• At the end of this module, participants will be
  able to describe the concepts and dimensions
  underlying the acceptable level of safety (ALoS)
  related to an SSP

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Contents

• Introductory concepts
• Acceptable level of safety (ALoS)
• ALoS related to an SSP
• Summary
• Questions and answers
• Points to remember

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Introductory concepts

• The development and implementation of ALoS builds
  upon certain basic concepts of systems theory
• There is a hierarchy underlying the progression
  of these basic concepts towards the development
  and implementation of ALoS
• Understanding of the concepts and hierarchy is an
  essential foundation for the development and
  implementation of ALoS and the SSP

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Introductory concepts The basic theory

• Safety as defined by Doc 9859
• Level of safety degree of safety of a system,
  representing the quality of the system,
  safety-wise, expressed through safety indicators
• Safety indicators parameters that characterize
  and/or typify the level of safety of the system
• Value of safety indicators quantification of a
  safety indicator
• Safety targets concrete objectives to be
  achieved
• Value of safety targets quantification of a
  safety target
• Acceptable level of safety minimum degree of
  safety that must be assured by a system in actual
  practice

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Introductory concepts Selection of safety
indicators

• The selection of appropriate safety indicators is
  an essential foundation for the development and
  implementation of ALoS
• The selection of safety indicators is a function
  of the detail to which the level of safety of the
  system is to be represented
• Meaningful safety indicators must be
  representative of the elements that characterise
  system safety

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Introductory concepts The basic theory examples

• Safety indicators
• Fatal airline accidents/serious incidents
• Runway excursion events/ground collision events
• Development/absence of primary aviation
  legislation
• Development/absence of operating regulations
• Level of regulatory compliance
• Safety targets
• Reduction in fatal airline accident/serious
  incidents
• Maintain the number in runway excursion
  events/ground
• collision events
• Improve the actual level of regulatory compliance

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Introductory concepts The basic theory examples

• Value of safety indicators
• Rate/number Fatal airline accidents per
  number operations
• Rate/number Runway excursion events per
  number operations
• Rate/number Ground collision events per
  number operations
• Number inspections to operators completed
  timeframe ...

• Value of safety targets
• Reduce / maintainby / maximum fatal airline
  accidents per number operations
• Reduce / maintain by / maximum runway
  excursion events per number operations
• Reduce / maintain by / maximum ground
  collision events per number operations
• Minimum number of inspections completed
  timeframe

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Introductory concepts A fundamental
differentiation

• Safety measurement (strategic)
• Generally associated to the SSP
• Quantification of outcomes of selected high-level
  or high-consequence events
• Accident rates
• Serious incident rates
• Quantification of selected high-level State
  functions
• Development/absence of primary aviation
  legislation
• Development/absence of operating regulations
• Level of regulatory compliance
• A measure of achievement of high-level safety
  objectives of safety interventions and/or
  mitigations strategies

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Introductory concepts A fundamental
differentiation

• Safety performance measurement (tactical)
• Generally associated to an SMS
• Quantification of the outcomes of selected
  low-level, low- consequence processes
• Number of FOD events per number of ramp
  operations
• Number of ground vehicle events in taxiways per
  number of airport operations
• A measure of the actual performance of safety
  interventions and/or mitigation strategies,
  beyond accident rates and regulatory compliance

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Introductory concepts A fundamental
differentiation

• Safety measurement
• Not a continuous process
• A spot check
• Conducted following pre-specified timeframes
• Safety performance measurement
• Continuous process
• Monitoring and measurement of selected
  operational activities necessary for the
  provision of services

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Basic safety management SARPs

• The acceptable level of safety (ALoS) to be
  achieved shall be established by the State
• When establishing ALoS, consideration must be
  given to
• the level of safety risk that applies
• the safety risk tolerance
• the cost/benefits of improvements to the aviation
  system
• the public expectations in civil aviation system

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Expressing the ALoS

• Values of safety indicators and values of safety
  targets
• Initial ALoS Quantitative action statements on
  selected high level/high consequence outcomes
  (safety measurement)
• Mature ALoS Quantitative action statements on
  selected high level/high consequence events
  (safety measurement) and low level/low
  consequence outcomes (safety performance
  measurement)

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Examples of values of safety indicators and
safety targets based on safety measurement

• Values of safety indicators
• Number CFIT and approach landing accidents
  per number departures
• Number runway excursions per number
  operations
• Number ground collision accidents per year on a
  x-year rolling average
• Number of high-severity events captured through
  the State MOR yearly
• Number inspections to operators completed
  quarterly
• Number AIS facilities with QMS implemented
• Electronic filing of differences completed within
  number months/weeks

• Values of safety targets
• Reduce by/maximum CFIT and approach landing
  accidents per number departures
• Reduce by/maximum runway excursions per
  number operations
• Reduce by/maximum ground collision accidents
  per year on a x-year rolling average
• Minimum number of high-severity events captured
  through the State MOR yearly
• Minimum number inspections to operators
  completed quarterly
• Number AIS facilities with QMS implemented by
  time
• Electronic filing of differences completed within
  revised number months/weeks

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ALoS Mature SSP

• In the longer-term, once States develop safety
  data collection and analysis capabilities under
  the Safety Assurance component of the SSP, ALoS
  should reflect a combination of
• safety measurement
• safety performance measurement

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Examples of values of safety indicators and
targets based on safety performance measurement

• Values of safety targets
• Reduce by/maximum number of level busts per
  number operations by date
• Reduce by/maximum Cat B and C runway incursions
  in 5 international State airports by date
• Reduce by/maximum number of TCAS/airprox events
  per number operations by date
• Reduce by/maximum number of non-conforming
  approaches (NCA) at 5 international State
  airports by date
• Reduce by/maximum the number of apron FOD
  events at 5 international State airports by
  date

• Values of safety indicators
• Number level busts per number operations
• Number Cat B and C runway incursions in 5
  international State airports per number
  operations
• Number TCAS/airprox events per number
  operations
• Number non-conforming approaches (NCA) at 5
  international State airports per number
  operations
• Number apron FOD events at 5 international
  State airports per number operations

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Delivering ALoS Safety action plans

• Tools and means to deliver the safety targets of
  an SSP
• Regulations
• Training
• Technology

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Today
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Initial ALoS
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Initial ALoS
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Mature ALoS
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ALoS Legal considerations

• Establishing ALoS related to an SSP
• does not replace legal, regulatory, or other
  already established requirements, but it must
  support compliance with them
• leaves unaffected the obligations of States, and
  does not relieve States from compliance with SARPs

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ALoS Initial (Safety measurement)
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ALoS Mature (Safety performance measurement)
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Transition from initial to mature ALoS
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Summary
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Questions and answers

• ALoS related to an SSP

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Questions and answers

• Q Explain the fundamental differentiation
  between safety measurement and safety
  performance measurement?
• A ?

Slide number
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Questions and answers

• Q What are the tools and means to deliver the
  safety targets of an SSP?
• A ?

Slide number
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Points to remember

• The basic systems safety theory
• Safety measurement and safety performance
  measurement
• Initial and mature ALoS
• ALoS does not replace legal, regulatory, or other
  already established requirements

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Module N 5 ALoS related to an SSP