AROUSAL, ANXIETY AND STRESS

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AROUSAL, ANXIETY AND STRESS
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Arousal is a general physiological and
psychological activation, varying in intensity
along a continuum. Anxiety is a negative
emotional state with feelings of worry,
nervousness, and apprehension associated with
activation of the body.
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Defining Arousal, Stress, and Anxiety
States
Trait
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Measuring Arousal and Anxiety
Physiological signs (heart rate, respiration,
skin conductance, biochemistry)
Global and multidimensional self-report scales
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Trait and StateAnxiety Relationship
State anxiety Right now feelings that change
from moment to moment.
Trait anxiety A personality disposition that is
stable over time.
High versus low trait anxious people usually have
more state anxiety in highly evaluative
situations.
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Stress and the Stress Process
Stress A substantial imbalance between physical
and psychological demands placed on an individual
and his or her response capability under
conditions where failure to meet demands has
important consequences.
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Stage 1
The Stress Process
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
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Stress and Stress Process Implications
Intervene during any of the four stages of the
stress process or cycle.
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Sources of Stress and Anxiety
Event importance
Situationalsources
Uncertainty
Trait anxiety
Personal sources
Self-esteem
Social physique anxiety
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Drive Theory
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InvertedU Hypothesis
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Anxiety Direction and Intensity
An individuals interpretation of anxiety
symptoms is important for understanding the
anxiety-performance relationship.
To understand the anxiety-performance
relationship, both the intensity (how much
anxiety one feels) and direction (a persons
interpretation of anxiety as being facilitating
or debilitating to performance) must be
considered.
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Significance of All the ArousalPerformance Views
Arousal and state anxiety do not always have a
negative effect on performance they can be
facilitative or debilitative depending on the
interpretation.
Some optimal level of arousal leads to peak
performance, but the optimal levels of
physiological activation and arousal-related
thoughts (worry) are not the same.
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Significance of All the ArousalPerformance Views
Interaction of physiological arousal and arousal
interpretation are more important than actual
levels of each.
It is doubtful that the optimal level of arousal
is always at the midpoint of the arousal scale.
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Why Arousal Influences Performance
Increased muscle tension and coordination
difficulties
Attention and concentration changesNarrowing of
attentionShift to dominant styleAttend to
inappropriate cues
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Implications for Practice
Interactional Model of Anxiety
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Implications for Practice
Recognize arousal and state anxiety signs.
Tailor coaching strategies to individuals Differe
nt strokes for different folks. Sometimes arousal
and state anxiety must be reduced, other times
maintained, and other times facilitated.
Develop performers confidence.
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INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE STRESS AND ANXIETY
Controlled Breathing Progressive Muscle
Relaxation Meditation Visualization and
Imagery Exercise Listening to music Other
positive methods?
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IF THESE INTERVENTIONS DO NOT HELP..
MAKE THE APPROPRIATE REFERRAL