Title: PRACTICING FIRE SAFETY
1PRACTICING FIRE SAFETY
2HOW FIRES START
- Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid
oxidation or burning of - fuel. It needs three elements to occur.
- -Fuel Fuel cam be any combustible material-
solid, liquid - or gas. Most solids and liquids become a vapor
or gas - before they will burn.
- -Oxygen The air we breathe is about 21 percent
oxygen. - Fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16
percent - oxygen.
- -Heat Heat is the energy necessary to increase
the - temperature of the fuel to a point where
sufficient vapors are - given off for ignition to occur.
3CHEMICAL REACTION
- A chain reaction can occur when the three
elements of fire are - present in the proper conditions and
proportion. Fire occurs - when this rapid oxidation, or burning takes
place. - -Take any one of these factors away, and the
fire cannot - occur or will be extinguished if it was already
burning.
4TETRAHEDRON
- THE FIRE TETRAHEDRON
- The process we know as fire is a chemical
reaction which involves - rapid oxidation or burning of a combustible
material. In the past, - we learned that three elements, fuel, heat, and
oxygen were necessary - for fire to start and continue burning, hence
the fire triangle concept. - In recent years this concept has been expanded to
include a fourth - element, that of the chemical reaction, thus
creating the fire tetrahedron.
5Cont.
- The following is a brief description of each
element and their interaction
- Fuel - May be any combustible material. Can be a
solid, liquid, or gas. Typically solids and
liquids must be heated to the point where they
are converted into a vapor or gas before they
will burn.
- Oxygen - There must be at least 16 oxygen
present for a fire to burn. This is usually not a
problem since the air we breath is about 21
oxygen.
6Cont.
- Heat - Heat is the energy needed to increase the
fuels temperature to the point where sufficient
vapors are produced for ignition to occur.
- Chemical Reaction - The chemical chain reaction
know as fire occurs when fuel, oxygen and heat
are present in the right conditions and amounts.
7HOW FIRES ARE CLASSIFIED
CLASS A Ordinary combustibles or fibrous
material such as Wood, paper, cloth, rubber and
some plastics.
CLASS B Flammable or combustible liquids such
as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinner and
propane.
8Cont.
CLASS C Energized electrical equipment, such as
appliances, Switches, panel boxes and power
tools.
CLASS D Certain combustible metals, such as
magnesium, Titanium, potassium and sodium. These
metals burn at high temperatures and give off
sufficient oxygen to support combustion. They may
react violently with water or other chemicals,
and must be handled with care.
9Residence LifeSafety Regulations forResidential
Living
Candies, Incense, and Combustible Materials
- Candles and incense are a fire hazard and are not
permitted in the residence halls or apartments.
Combustible materials such as gasoline, paint
thinner, and oil lamps are not permitted within
the residential facilities. Fire safety codes
require strict compliance with this regulation.
Propane grills are prohibited.
10Cont.
Fire Alarms, Fire Drills, and Residential Safety
- Each residence hall has at least two fire drills
per semester. These drills will not be announced
and you must evacuate the building immediately
each time the fire alarm sounds. Disciplinary
action will be taken if a student does not
evacuate the building.
- The misuse of fire alarms, fire detection
devices, or fire extinguishers constitutes a
serious offense. Any resident who misuses such
equipment or devices will be subject to
prosecution and disciplinary action. Residents
are responsible for any damage to the system and
they will be held financially accountable. Fire
and safety regulations strictly prohibit the use
or storage within residential facilities of
explosives, fireworks, live Christmas trees,
flammable liquids, fire-arms, ammunition, and
combustible engines of any kind.
11WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A FIRE
- NEVER FIGHT A FIRE
- If the fire is spreading beyond the spot where
it started. - If you cant fight the fire with your back to an
escape exit. - If the fire can block your only escape.
- If you dont have adequate fire-fighting
equipment. - In any of these situation,
-
- DONT FIGHT THE FIRE YOURSELF.
- CALL FOR HELP.
12HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
CLASS A- Extinguish ordinary combustibles by
cooling the material below its ignition
temperature and soaking the fibers to prevent
re-ignition. Use pressurized water, foam or
multi-purpose (ABC rated) dry chemical
extinguisher. DO NOT USE carbon dioxide or
ordinary (BC-rated) dry chemical extinguisher on
Class A fires.
13Cont.
- CLASS B Extinguish flammable liquids, greases
by - removing the oxygen, preventing the vapors from
- reaching the ignition source or inhibiting the
chemical - chain reaction.
- Foam, carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry
- chemical, multi-purpose dry chemical, and halon
- extinguishers may be used to fight Class B
fires.
- CLASS C Extinguish energized electrical
- equipment by using an extinguishing agent that
is not - capable of conducting electrical current.
- Carbon dioxide, ordinary (BC-rated) dry
chemical, - multi-purpose dry chemical and halon fire
- extinguishers may be used to fight Class C
fires. DO - NOT USE WATER EXTINGUISHERS ON
- ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
14Cont.
- CLASS D Extinguish combustible metals such as
- magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium with
- dry powder extinguishing agents specially
designated - for the material involved.
- In most cases, they absorb the heat from the
material, - cooling it below its ignition temperature.
NOTE Multipurpose (ABC-rated) chemical
extinguisher leave a residue that can harm
sensitive equipment, such as computers and other
electronic equipment. Because of this, carbon
dioxide or halon extinguishers are preferred in
these instances because they leave very little
residue.
15Cont.
- ABC dry powder residue is mildly corrosive to
many metals. For - example, reside left over from the use of an
ABC dry powder - extinguisher in the same room with a piano can
seriously corrode - piano wires.
16HOW TO IDENTIFY THE PROPER FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- All ratings are showed on the extinguisher
faceplate. - Some extinguishers are marked with multiple
ratings such as AB, - BC and ABC. These extinguishers are capable of
putting out more - than one class of fire.
- Class A and B extinguishers carry a numerical
rating that indicates - how large a fire an experienced person can
safely put out with that - extinguisher.
- Class C extinguishers have only a letter rating
to indicate that the - extinguishing agent will not conduct electrical
current. Class C - extinguisher must also carry a B rating.
17HOW TO USE A PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
- Class D extinguishers carry only a letter rating
indicating their - effectiveness on certain amounts of specific
metals.
- REMEMBER THE ACRONYM, P.A.S.S.
- P .Pull the Pin
- A ..Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of
the flame. - S Squeeze trigger while holding the
extinguisher upright. - S Sweep the extinguisher from side to side,
covering the - area of the fire with the
extinguishing agent.
NOTE PULL A FIRE ALARM BOX AND ALERT OTHERS
BEFORE YOU ATTEMPT TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER.
18Remember
- Should your path of escape be threatened.
- Should the extinguisher run out of agent.
- Should the extinguisher prove to be ineffective.
- Should you no longer be able to safely fight the
fire. - Close the door on your way out of the area.
- THEN LEAVE THE AREA IMMEDIATELY!!!!
19HOW TO INSPECT YOUR FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
- Know the locations of the fire extinguishers in
your work area. - Make sure the class of the extinguisher is safe
to use on fires likely - to occur in the immediate area.
- Check the plastic seal holding the pin in the
extinguisher handle. Has - the extinguisher been tampered with or used
before? Report any - broken/missing seals/pins to the Public Safety
Office 256-4922. - Water, some foam, and dry chemical extinguishers
have gauges - indicating the pressure inside the
extinguisher. The pressure - needle should be in the green area (generally
100-175 lbs., - depending on the type of agent).
20Cont.
- CO2 (carbon dioxide) extinguishers are high
pressure cylinders - with pressures ranging from 1500 lb to 2150 lb.
These - extinguishers DO NOT have gauges and must be
weighed by - Fire Safety Unit staff to determine the amount
of contents - remaining.
- Make sure the pin, nozzle and nameplate are
intact. - One is encouraged to be aware of the condition
of your areas - extinguishers by visual inspection on a
frequent basis to ensure - you have a working extinguisher there when you
need one. - Report any missing, empty or damaged fire
extinguishers to the - Public Safety Office (256-4922) whenever you
notice any - discrepancies.
21The Appearance of Different types of
extinguishers
- Generally, you can tell with a glance which type
an extinguisher is - hanging on the wall, or in the cabinet, just by
looking at its shape. - Check the labels of the extinguishers in your
area and note the - color and shape/size of the extinguisher. This
may help if someone - runs in to help you fight a fire with the WRONG
extinguisher (i.e. - water on an electrical fire) you can STOP
them before they are - injured or make matters worse!
- ABC-rated multipurpose dry powder extinguishers
are the most - common on campus, particularly in the corridors
fo academic - buildings. They are almost always RED in color
and have either - a long narrow hose or no hose(just a short
nozzle). These - extinguishers are very light (5-25lbs) Halon
extinguishers look - virtually identical to ABC multipurpose dry
chemical extinguishers
22Cont.
- Water extinguisher are generally found in the
dormitories and are - usually SILVER (crome-metal) in color, have a
flat bottom, have a - long narrow hose, are quite large (2-1/2
gallons).
- CO2 (carbon dioxide) extinguishers are generally
red, have - a LARGE tapered nozzle (horn), are VERY HEAVY
(15- - 85 lbs). They are high-pressure cylinders.
- Care should be used NOT TO DROP a co2 cylinder,
if it - is damaged it can punch a hole through the
nearest wall(s) - and end up on the other side of campus! (The
containers - are quite sturdy, but dont abuse them.) CO2
cylinders do - not have a pressure gauge-they must be weighed
to - Determine the amount of contents.
23Where can I find a fire extinguisher on campus
- In the corridors of academic and office
buildings, and inside very - large rooms.
- In or immediately outside all laboratories where
chemicals are - stored and used.
- In or immediately outside mechanical spaces
where motorized or - other equipment is present which might
reasonably cause a fire. - In campus storage buildings, and mounted inside
- certain university vehicles.
- If you cant find the fire extinguisher in your
area, or feel you need - a different type/size or extinguisher for you
area, contact The - Public Safety Office 256-4922.
24RESIDENCE HALL FIRE SURVIVAL PROCEDURE
When You Move In
- Locate at least two emergency exits from your
floor and - make sure they are free of obstruction
- Note location of fire alarms, extinguishers or
any other - emergency equipment available.
- Note location of landmarks which may aid egress
when - visibility is reduced by smoke.
25ALWAYS
- Refamiliarize yourself with standard fire drill
procedures. - Become familiar with University fire and general
safety - regulations.
- Make sure the fire doors in halls and stair wells
are closed - at all times.
- Extinguish all cigarettes and matches and empty
wastebaskets - often.
- Close door to your room when you retire. Exit
when fire - alarm sounds!!!!
26NEVER
- Smoke in bed.
- Burn candles.
- Allow an open flame (cigarette, candle, torch,
etc.) - or cooking appliance (coffee pot, hot plate,
etc.) near - common combustible material, i.e., wood, paper,
textiles, or - flammable liquid.
- Ignore fire alarm.
27IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE
- Remain calm. Act quickly, not rashly. Your
objective is - survive. If you can exit safely, do so. If not,
you must work - quickly to defend yourself against smoke and
flame.
If you leave your room in the event of a fire
- Never open your door without first checking for
heat or - smoke. Close doors behind you.
- Do not allow doors to lock behind you. You may
be forced - to return.
28Cont.
- If smoke is encountered during egress, do not
walk upright - crawl. The air is cooler and less toxic nearer
the floor. - Never use an elevator.
- If smoke is present in a stairwell, avoid it.
Choose another - route
- If your clothes catch firestop, drop, and roll
to extinguish - the flames.
- If you are in a room where fire starts, try to
extinguish the fire - if small. If the fire is too large, leave
quickly. Close the door - and/ or call the Fire Department, dail 9, 9-1-1.
29IF YOU ARE TRAPPED IN YOUR ROOM
- Seal door/window cracks and ventilation grills
with tape - (preferably duct tape) or towels and/or
clothing (preferably - wet) to keep smoke out. If there is smoke in
the room, open - the window to let it out. Hang out an article
of cloth, large - enough for rescuers to see, out of a corner of
the window. - Close the window again and seal cracks. Keep
window closed - to prevent outside smoke from entering.
- Do not break the window unless the room has been
heavily - invaded by smoke and you must get air to
survive. Remember - stay close to the floor for air. Call the
Public Safety Office (4911), - report the fire location and your situation.
Tie a towel or - clothing (preferably wet) around your nose and
mouth if - necessary to filter smoke. Do not jump!!
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