Food Chain & Food Web defined

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Food Chain Food Web defined

• A food chain shows HOW each living thing gets its
  food.
• A food web consists of several food chains
• A food web multiple food chains

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Who eats who
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PRODUCERS plants at the bottom of the food
chainPRIMARY CONSUMER that which eats the
producersSECONDARY CONSUMER that which eats
primary consumerTERTIARY CONSUMER that which
eats secondary consumer
SunThe source of energy
DECOMPOSERS fungi, bacteria speed up the
decaying process of dead animals and plants
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Test your understanding

• What does stability of an ecosystem depends on?
  (Only address the food chain and food web
  aspect)
• Ans the stability of its producers and
  decomposers
• Explain why stability of producers and
  decomposers are important

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Illustrate an aquatic food chain and identify
producers, various consumer

• shark

algae
Zoo plankton
fish
shark
whale
phytoplankton
fish
shark
Zoo plankton
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Phytoplankton/Zooplankton (Plankton), Clams,
Whelks, Turtles, and Sharks
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• Phytoplankton/Zooplankton (Plankton), Clams,
  Whelks, Turtles, and Sharks. 
• See the next slides for each part of the food
  chain.  
• Food Chain Plankton
• Plankton include microscopic plant and animal
  organisms that float or drift in great numbers in
  the ocean. Plankton are the start of most oceanic
  food chains.
• There are many species of plankton and each has a
  characteristic shape. Plankton may be
  phytoplankton (plant-like organisms - producers)
  or zooplankton (animal-like organisms -
  consumers).
• Loggerhead turtles eat plankton when they are
  very young and small juveniles. Clams also eat
  plankton

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ORDER OF FOOD CHAIN
CARNIVORES LIONS, EAGLES
TERTIARY CONSUMERS
CARNIVORES WOLVES, SNAKES
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
PRIMARY CONSUMERS
HERBIVORE DEER, BUNNY
PRODUCERS
PLANTS
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Categories in food chain
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What do decomposers eat?

• Typically, food webs go like this

remember decomposers receive energy from
all other organisms in an ecosystem
CONSUMER(CARNIVORE)
CONSUMER(HERBIVORE)
CONSUMER(OMNIVORE)
DECOMPOSER
PRODUCER
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Warm up

• biotics are _________
• abiotics are ____ _______
• name 6 abiotic factors
• name 10 biotic factors
• name 3 small biotic factor under water
• what does recycle mean? give an example in the
  food chain
• ___________ speed up the process of decay of the
  _______ animals and plants

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Using the diagram below answer the questions
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• in the diagram above
• the plant is _________
• phytoplankton is __________
• cricket is ________
• zooplankton is _____

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• mouse is ________
• fish is ______
• snake is ________
• shark is _______
• eagle is ________
• whale is ________
• if we replace phytoplankton with algae then algae
  would be _____

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ENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM

• What is an energy pyramid?
• What is a trophic level?

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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• Energy pyramids show the transfer of energy
  through a food chain
• the pyramid is made of levels

FISH
SNAIL
GRASS
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Why are there more herbivores than carnivores?

• In your group discuss this and come up with an
  answer and explanation
• HERBIVORES eat plants primary consumers
• CARNIVORES eat meat secondary, tertiary and
  higher level consumers
• OMNIVORES eat plants and meat

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• The further along the food chain you go, the less
  food (and hence energy) remains available.

TROPHIC LEVEL PYRAMID OF ENERGY
Where do producers get their energy from? Answer
SUN Which of the above categories has the
highest food energy? Answer tress and plants
(PRODUCERS)

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ANSWER

• The higher up the pyramid you go the fewer the
  food energy

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How come less food energy at the top of the
pyramid

• With your group discuss this, write down your
  explanation and reason
• Share with class

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How come less food energy at the top of the
pyramid

• Because most of the energy gets lost into the
  environment at each link.
• 90 of the energy is lost to the environment as
  HEAT
• 10 of the energy is transferred

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Energy pyramid
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Knowing producers provide (have)100 of all the
energy in an ecosystem, answer the following
questions

• How many percent do primary consumers have?
• How many percent do secondary consumers have?
• Answer

1
Secondary consumers
10
Primary consumers
producers
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TROPHIC LEVELS

• A trophic level is
• a step in the transfer of energy through an
  ecosystem
• a level in an energy pyramid

1
10
Primary Consumers

• Different trophic levels
• producer
• consumer
• primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

100
Producers
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• Energy is lost with each transfer in a food chain
• 90 of the energy available at a level is
  released to the environment as heat
• 10 of the energy is incorporated or used

Only about 10 of the energy from a previous
level is passed on to the consumer
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ENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM MINI - QUIZ!

• All organisms in an ecosystem need _______
  from food to live. An energy ________ shows how
  much food energy is passed from one ________ to
  another through food chains. __________ have the
  largest spot at the base of the pyramid.
  Altogether, only about _____ of the food energy
  at each level gets passed up to the next level.

energy
pyramid
organism
Producers
10
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Is the food chain isolated? Or are there other
life forms surrounding it?

• In your group illustrate the food chain you drew
  surrounded by other life forms
• Identify what eats what
• Use arrows to show that

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What happens if your food chain is surrounded by
other life forms?

• Answer
• What should we call this
• Answer

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Define food web

• Food web consists of numbers of food chain.
• Several examples given below
• Try to count the number of food chains in each

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FOOD WEBS

• A food web shows all feeding relationships in an
  ecosystem (made of many food chains)

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Which one will be impacted most by removing coyote
lion
hawk
coyote
rabbit
grass
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Check for understanding

• what is the source of energy for producers?
• what is the source of energy for primary
  consumers?
• what is the source of energy for decomposers?
• omnivores eat both _______ and _______
• herbivores eat ________
• carnivores eat _______________
• bacteria, fungai are examples of __________

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• percent of energy for primary consumers is
  _______
• percent of energy for secondary consumers is
  ________
• from one link to the other link in a food chain
  only 10 of the energy is transferred the rest of
  the energy (the other 90) is lost as _________.
  This results in _________ organism at the lower
  levels and __________ organisms at the higher
  level

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Warm up

• Page 507
• Write down the definitions for
• Organism, Species, population, community,
  ecosystem, biodiversity
• Give two examples for each organism, species,
  population, community, ecosystem
• Name two places with opposite biodiversity (one
  high biodiversity, one low biodiversity
• Be prepared to share you answers when called on

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ORGANISM

• A single living thing

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species

• A group of organisms in an ecosystem capable of
  reproduction
• Examples lion

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taxonomy

• The science of finding, describing, classifying,
  and naming organisms

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population

• Population is a group of same species occupying
  the same area (location)
• Or
• A population is all the organisms that both
  belong to the same species and live in the same
  geographical area.

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community

• A community is a group of different species
  (organisms) interacting with each other and
  sharing (populating) the same location (area)
• a community is a group of interacting species
  sharing a populated environment

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Ecosystem

• A community and its environment
• Ecosystem biotic abiotic
• Ecosystem community environment

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What do we need to do to turn in room f203 into
an ecosystem?

• We have human
• Have some insect (spiders, etc.)
• Have air
• Make a water pond
• Bring in plants (flowers, trees, etc.) in pot
• Bring dogs, cats, birds
• Rocks
• Decomposers (fungai, bacteria)
• soil

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biodiversity

• The total sum of organisms living in an ecosystem
• An ecosystem is more biodiverse when
• a. Higher variety of organisms (more various
  species)
• b. Greater number of each population
• (higher number of organisms in each
  species)

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example

• There are 1000 different populations on island
  pop. Also, each population is more than 100.
• There are 10 different populations on island
  song. Each population is about 50.
• In which of the two ecosystem is the biodiversity
  greater? And why?

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1. An organisms niche is what it does (job or
role) in its ecosystem 2. Niche is how an
organism uses its environment 3. Organisms with
different niches can divide up the environment
that they are in examples?
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HABITAT NICHE

• An organisms habitat is where it lives (home or
  natural environment)
• examples?
• When an organisms habitat or niche are changed,
  it can lead to extinction (the local or global
  disappearance of a species)
• niche or habitat competition

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biodiversity

• Watch the biodiversity video

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Which ecosystem is more biodiverse? Explain your
answer

• Ecosystem A has three types of plants and 10
  types of consumers
• Ecosystem B has two types of plants and 6 types
  of consumers
• Biodiversity variety of species quantity
• Ecosystem C has 20 grass, 10 rabbits, 4 snakes
• Ecosystem D has 50 grass, 20 rabbits, 10 snakes

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BIODIVERSITY IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Biodiversity is
• the sum total of different kinds of organisms
• the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem

• ?s (changes) in habitat affect biodiversity
• ? effect on biodiversity
• e.g. natural disaster decrease in biodiversity

• When an ecosystem has more biodiversity
• it is more stable
• It is more resilient

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BIODIVERSITY IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Two types of organisms based on how they obtain
  energy
• autotrophs using the sun energy, make their own
  food
• Producers
• Do photosynthesis
• heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms
• decomposers (recyclers of plant/animal waste)
• consumers are heterotrophs and are part of the
  cycle

• The stability of an ecosystem depends on the
  stability of its producers and decomposers. It
  is very important b/c they produce and recycle
  organic material

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DECOMPOSERS

• Decomposers recycle organic material through an
  ecosystem

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Which ecosystem is more biodiverse? Explain your
answer

• Ecosystem A has three types of plants and 10
  types of consumers
• Ecosystem B has two types of plants and 6 types
  of consumers
• Biodiversity variety of species quantity
• Ecosystem C has 20 grass, 10 rabbits, 4 snakes
• Ecosystem D has 50 grass, 20 rabbits, 10 snakes

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Consumers

• Primary consumers
• Secondary Tertiary consumers

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Mini quiz

• what is the benefit of decomposers
• how do decomposers benefit the quality of the
  soil?
• the job or role of an organism in the environment
  is called ________
• how organisms use their environment is called
  ________

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• organism with different niches can _______ ___ an
  environment that they are living in. So they can
  live in the same environment
• population is made of _______
• communities are made of different _________
• species, _________, community, ecosystem
  (environment and the community)
• ________, population, community, ecosystem

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• bacteria, fungai are examples of __________
• __________ get their energy directly from the
  environment and make their food examples are
  trees, flowers, algae.
• _______ can not make their own food. examples
  lions, decomposers, human
• sun is the source of _________
• total sum of all kinds of different organisms
  living in an ecosystem is called ______

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TYPES OF CONSUMERS

• You are what you eat!

• Eat herbs (plants)? Youre an herbivore.
• Herbivores are consumers that eat only producers

• Eat carne (meat)? Youre a carnivore.
• Carnivores are consumers that eat only consumers

• Eat everything (plants meat)? Youre an
  omnivore.
• Omnivores are consumers that eat producers and
  consumers

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FOOD CHAINS WEBS

• What are food chains and food webs?
• How does energy move through an ecosystem?
• What is an organisms habitat and niche?

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FOOD CHAINS

• A food chain is a sequence of energy transfer
  from one organism to another
• energy flows from producers to consumers
• arrows follow the energy (from what is eaten to
  what is eating)

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FOOD WEBS

• A food web shows all feeding relationships in an
  ecosystem (made of many food chains)

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FOOD WEBS

• Typically, food webs go like this

remember decomposers receive energy from
all other organisms in an ecosystem
CONSUMER(CARNIVORE)
CONSUMER(HERBIVORE)
CONSUMER(OMNIVORE)
DECOMPOSER
PRODUCER
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FOOD CHAINS AND WEBS

• Practice! Draw a food chain that includes the
  following organisms
• grasshopper
• mouse
• grass
• owl

CONSUMER(CARNIVORE)
END OF NOTES (DAY 2)
CONSUMER(CARNIVORE)
CONSUMER(HERBIVORE)

• Now label the organisms as producers, consumers
  (which type?), or decomposers

PRODUCER
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ENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM

• What is an energy pyramid?
• What is a trophic level?

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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• Energy pyramids show the transfer of energy
  through a food chain
• the pyramid is made of levels

FISH
SNAIL
GRASS
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• Energy is lost with each transfer in a food chain
• 90 of the energy available at a level is
  released to the environment as heat
• 10 of the energy is incorporated or used

Only about 10 of the energy from a previous
level is passed on to the consumer
100,000 J
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• The energy pyramid is shaped that way to show
• producers form the base of the pyramid
• there are fewer organisms at the top and there is
  less energy at the top
• there are more organisms and energy at the bottom

0.1
1
10
100
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TROPHIC LEVELS

• A trophic level is
• a step in the transfer of energy through an
  ecosystem
• a level in an energy pyramid

1
10
Primary Consumers

• Different trophic levels
• producer
• consumer
• primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

100
Producers
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ENERGY PYRAMIDS

• Practice! If 100 of the energy is available at
  the first trophic level, what percentages of the
  energy are available at the second and third
  trophic levels?

1
10
100
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ENERGY IN AN ECOSYSTEM MINI - QUIZ!

• All organisms in an ecosystem need _______
  from food to live. An energy ________ shows how
  much food energy is passed from one ________ to
  another through food chains. __________ have the
  largest spot at the base of the pyramid.
  Altogether, only about _____ of the food energy
  at each level gets passed up to the next level.

energy
pyramid
organism
Producers
10
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