Personality

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Lecture 5

• Personality

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Outline

• Introduction
• Trait Perspectives
• Social-Cognitive Perspectives
• Psychodynamic Perspectives
• Humanistic Perspectives

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What is Personality?

• A particular pattern of behaviour and thinking
  prevailing across time and situations that
  differentiates one person from another (Carlson
  et al., 2000) a relatively stable predisposition
  to behave in a certain way (Gray, 2000)

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Trait Perspectives

• A personality trait is an enduring personal
  characteristic that reveals itself in a
  particular pattern of behaviour in a variety of
  situations (Carlson et al., 2000)

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Trait Perspectives
Aggressiveness
Central Trait
Competitiveness
Pugnaciousness
Argumentativeness
Surface Trait
Argues with room- mates
Defends un- popular positions
Writes letters to the editor
Reacts with road rage
Picks fights in bars
Fights when playing sports
Works hard to out- perform others
Plays to win
Behaviour
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Cattells 16 Personality Factors (16PF)

• Warm
• Abstract thinker
• Emotionally stable
• Dominant
• Enthusiastic
• Conscientious
• Bold
• Tender-minded

• Suspicious
• Imaginative
• Shrewd
• Apprehensive
• Experimenting
• Self-sufficient
• Controlled
• Tense

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Eysencks Three-Factor Model

• Extroversion-Introversion
• Neuroticism- Emotional Stability
• Psychoticism- Self-Control

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The Five-Factor Model (The Big Five)

• Openness
• Conscientiousness
• Extroversion
• Agreeableness
• Neuroticism

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Trait Perspectives

• Traits vs. situations
• Biological foundations

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Social Cognitive Perspectives (Social Learning)

• Observational learning
• Expectancies
• Reciprocal determinism

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Social Cognitive Perspectives, cont.

• Locus of Control (Rotter)
• Internal-External
• Self-efficacy (Bandura)
• The expectations of success the belief in ones
  own competencies and abilities to perform a task

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Psychodynamic PerspectivesFreud

• Basic Principles
• Psychodynamic mind is in a state of conflict
  among instincts, reasons, and conscience
• Unconscious motivation
• sex (libido)
• aggression

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Psychodynamic Perspectives Freud

• Structures of the mind
• Id
• Ego
• Superego

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Psychodynamic PerspectivesFreud

• Defense mechanisms
• Repression
• Displacement (sublimation)
• Reaction formation
• Projection
• Rationalization
• Conversion

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Psychodynamic PerspectivesFreud

• Psychosexual Theory of Personality Development
• Oral stage (0-1 years)
• Anal stage (2-3 years)
• Phallic stage (3-5 years)
• Latency period (5-12 years)
• Genital stage (12 years through adulthood)

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Humanistic Perspectives

• Maslow and Self-Actualization

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Humanistic Perspective, cont.

• Rogers and Conditions of Worth