VOCAL CUE

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PARALANGUAGE

• VOCAL
• CUES

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• http//prairiehome.publicradio.org/programs/200311
  08/scripts/accents.shtml

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ACCENTS

• Concept of standard
• Gender differences
• Student-teacher interactions
• Bloomingdale study

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DIMENSIONS OF VOCAL

• Mulac
• socio-intellectual status
• aesthetic quality
• pleasing--displeasing
• dynamics
• strong--weak

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DEVELOPMENT

• Universal babbling hypothesis
• Differentiate between pain, anger, frustration,
  laughter
• Responses are synchronized

• PARALANGUAGE

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PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS

• You can do
• examples
• Not sure how

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Answer the following

• Age
• Height
• Weight
• Hair color
• Facial hair (if male)
• Region of origin
• One word to describe personality

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PERSONALITY JUDGMENTS

• Flaws of Data Interpretation
• Monologues, not conversations
• not studied listener traits as well
• Addingtons data
• males perceived in terms of physical and emotion
  power
• females perceived in terms of social faculties

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JUDGMENT OF EMOTIONS

• Some universality angry, sad, happy,
  flirtatious, fearful, indifferent
• Speakers vary in ability to produce
• Listeners vary in ability to decode

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PERSUASION INFLUENCED BY

• Fluent, nonhesitant speech
• Shorter response latencies
• More pitch variation
• Louder volume
• Increased speed (wpm)

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REGULATING

• Use is mostly unconscious
• But there are conformities to definite rules of
  usage

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REGULATING/TURN YIELDING

• Ask a question
• raise pitch, pause
• Declarative statement
• drop pitch, pause
• Trailer
• you know.........

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TURN REQUESTING

• Intake of breath
• sharp, quick
• Vocalizations
• start the statement
• Back channel cues
• feedback cues

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TURN MAINTAINING

• Increased volume
• Increased rate
• Increased filled pauses
• Decreased frequency and duration of silence

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TURN DENYING

• Silence
• Pauses
• Back-channel cues

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HESITATIONS, PAUSES, SILENCE AND SPEECH

• Spontaneous speech
• highly fragmented and discontinuous.
• At its most fluent
• 2/3 of spoken language comes in chunks of less
  than six words
• strongly suggesting the concept of fluency in
  spontaneous speech is an illusion.

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TYPES OF PAUSES

• Filled
• er, uh, um
• generally rated low by listeners
• Unfilled
• not just silence
• there seems to be a reason
• higher ratings by listeners

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LOCATION AND PLACEMENT OF PAUSES

• GRAMMATICAL
• natural punctuation
• immediately preceding a conjunction
• before relative and interrogative pronouns
• when a question is direct or implied
• before all adverbial clauses of time, manner and
  place
• when parenthetical references are made

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• NONGRAMMATICAL
• where a gap occurs in the middle or at the end of
  a phrase
• where a gap occurs between words, phrases
  repeated
• where a gap occurs in the middle of a verb
  compound
• where the structure of a sentence is disrupted by
  a reconsideration or false start

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PAUSES OCCUR WHEN...

• uncertainty of predicting the cognitive and
  lexical activity
• decision about the immediate message
• projecting into past or future
• disruption--emotional state, negative feedback,
  desire to impress, performance of other tasks
• regulators of the incidence of breathing

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RESPONSE LATENCY

• Most latencies of responses are between 1 and 2
  seconds
• 1.7 sec. is average
• Respond to silence of others by speeding up,
  match nonresponse, or combination

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SILENCES AND FUNCTIONS

• Punctuation or accenting, drawing attention
• evaluating, producing judgment of another, favor
  or disfavor, agreement or disagreement, attacking
• revelation, making something known or hiding
  something by being silent
• expression of emotions, silence of disgust,
  sadness, fear, anger or love
• mental activity, showing thoughtfulness and
  reflection or ignorance through silence