HIST2321 IDST2372

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IDST 2372 / HIST 2321 World Civilization to the
15th Century

Bronze Han Dynasty,  200 BCE - 220 CE
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• Why study World History?
• The modern world is increasingly a global world.
  The ways of thinking needed to live in it must
  also become global. This means we must learn to
  think inclusively rather than exclusively.
  History must become more than the history of
  particular nations or particular cultures.
  Eventually, it must become the history of human
  beings. And even more than that ... it must
  become the history of the world and the Universe
  we inhabit.
• David Christian Macquarie University
  Sydney, Australia

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• The study of World History will help you
• understand history the process of change over
  time
• develop the capacity to relate the past to the
  present
• clarify your philosophy of life
• gain an understanding of the strengths
  weaknesses of your own society
• improve your ability to place current events
  within a historical context enhance your
  cartographic literacy
• become aware of the complexity of national
  international events
• think like an historian.

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Getting there? Role of the Student

• Read the assigned instructional materials
• Complete required assignments for your grade
• Keep calendar meet assignment due dates
• Practice the discipline of curiosity
• Facilitate advance the learning of fellow
  students and instructor

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Name Tent

• Fold colored 5 x 8 index card like a hot dog
• On the outside write your first name in marker
  where we can read it (last name smaller)
• Use line to enter date (MO-date-07) key work
  for day create 3 columns, need 30 space/lines
  one for each session date term
• Return cards at the end of each session.
• Record of daily class attendance

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Role of the Professor

• Identify standards for course completion
• Assemble a rich context in which learning can
  occur
• Point out themes provide perspective
• Clarify difficult points explain concepts
• Provide feedback to students
• answer relevant questions
• Value openness

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Getting started Instructional materials

• Bentley, Ziegler, Streets, Traditions and
  Encounters A Brief Global History, Vol 1, 1st
  edition, 2008
• What is the focus theme ?
• 3 distinct coherent periods
• of global historical development
• Introductory framework
• Regional timeline
• Theme tradition encounter
• Cross-cultural interaction
• across world regions

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Getting started Instructional
materialStudent Online Learning Center

• Chapter Overview
• Chapter Outline
• Interactive maps
• Multiple choice quiz
• PSI

• Matching
• Internet Activities
• Timeline
• Interactive Glossary

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Getting started Instructional
materialCourse Web Pages
http//www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/2372syl2.ht
m

• Description Objectives
• Calendar
• Web Work Links
• Web Course Tools login
• Outline Key Words Terms

• Grading Policy
• Office Hours
• Student Responsibility
• Strategies for Success Study Skills Online

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• Why study World History?
• The modern world is increasingly a global world.
  The ways of thinking needed to live in it must
  also become global. This means we must learn to
  think inclusively rather than exclusively.
  History must become more than the history of
  particular nations or particular cultures.
  Eventually, it must become the history of human
  beings. And even more than that ... it must
  become the history of the world and the Universe
  we inhabit.
• David Christian Macquarie University
  Sydney, Australia

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World Civilization I

• Why World History?
• Vast Scope Quick Pace
• Globalization
• Internationalization
• Large amounts of
• INFORMATION !

Samarkand
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World Civilization I

• Unit Overview
• Lecture outline
• Key words and terms

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World Civilization I

• Key Themes
• Traditions
• Encounters
• Complex Societies Complex Processes

Mongolia Yurt/Ger
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Defining Essential Elements

• What is myth ?
• Aristotles notion muthos, emplotment
• Myths are stories drawn from a societys history
  that have acquired through persistent usage the
  power of symbolizing that societys ideology and
  of dramatizing its moral consciousness
• Richard Slotkin
• Wesleyan University

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Culture

• What is culture?
• culture is understood as a human
  universalHuman beings may be made by culture but
  they also make it. Cultures are conventions in
  the sense that they are human constructions.
• Kathryn Tanner
• University of Chicago

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Civilization

• Civilization derivative civilis of the citizens
• Civilizations societies that generate and use an
  economic surplus beyond basic survival
  needs. Peter Stearns
• Civilization is a form of human culture in which
  people live in urban centers, have mastered the
  art of smelting metals, and have developed a
  method of writing.
• Donald Kagan

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Cosmology

• Cosmology A science or theory of the universe as
  an ordered world, and the general laws which
  govern it. Also, a particular account or system
  of the universe and its laws.
• A cultures explanation how the world was created
  and what place humans were meant to occupy in
  that world.

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Cosmology
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History

• What is history ? historiography ?
• History is written culture, or an unending
  dialogue between the present and the past.
• Historiography is the process of creating
  historical records, a first step in understanding
  and interpreting the past, or the history of
  historical writings and changing intellectual
  points of view.

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Overview Unit I - Origins (1-7)

• The Foundation of Complex Societies   
• Early African Societies  the Bantu Migrations
• Early Societies in South East Asia
• Early Societies in the Americas Oceania
• The Empires of Persia
• The Unification of China
• State, Society the Quest for Salvation
• in India

Altamira bison
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Prehistory The First Four Million Years
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The Foundation of Complex Societies (1)

• What does the Epic of Gilgamesh tell us about the
  world view of the Mesopotamian's?

Gilgamesh, Enkidu Bull of Heaven 7th BCE
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The Foundation of Complex Societies (1)

• Prehistory the first 4 million years
• Early Human Beings 3.75-1 million
• Paleolithic Society
• Economy Society of Hunting Gathering Peoples
• Relative Social Equality
• Big Game Hunting
• Paleolithic Settlements
• Paleolithic Culture

Cave Painting, Lascaux, France, 15,000-10,000 BCE
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The Global Spread of Hominids
See Interactive version of map in OLC
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The Neolithic Era the Transition to Agriculture
Origins Early Spread of Agriculture
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The Agricultural Revolution / Transition

• The Origins of Agriculture
• Neolithic Era
• The Early Spread of Agriculture
• Early Agricultural Society

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The Agricultural Revolution / Transition
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The Agricultural Revolution / Transition

• Early Agricultural Society
• Emergence of Villages and Towns
• Specialization of Labor
• Metal Working
• Textile Production
• Social Distinctions
• Neolithic Culture
• Religious Values
• The Origins of Urban Life
• Emergence of Cities

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The Quest for Order

• Mesopotamia The Land between the Rivers

Early Mesopotamia, 3000-2500 B.C.E.
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The Wealth of the Rivers

• Nutrient-rich silt
• Key irrigation
• Necessity of coordinated efforts
• Promoted development of local governments
• City-states
• Sumer begins small-scale irrigation 6000 BCE
• By 5000 BCE, complex irrigation networks
• Population reaches 100,000 by 3000 BCE
• Attracts Semitic migrants, influences culture

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Quest for Order
• Sumer
• Semitic Migrants
• City States
• Sumerian Kings

Ziggurats
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Early Societies in Southwest Asia
The Ziggurat of Ur, remains
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Political Decline of Sumer

• Semitic peoples from northern Mesopotamia
  overshadow Sumer
• Sargon of Akkad (2370-2315 BCE)
• Destroyed Sumerian city-states one by one,
  created empire based in Akkad
• Empire unable to maintain chronic rebellions
• Hammurabi of Babylon (1792-1750 BCE)
• Improved taxation, legislation
• Used local governors to maintain control of
  city-states
• Babylonian Empire later destroyed by Hittites
  from Anatolia, c. 1595 BCE

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Legal System

• The Code of Hammurabi (18th c. BCE)
• 282 items
• lex talionis (item 196 eye for an eye)
• Social status and punishment
• women as property, but some rights

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Sources From the Past

• Hammurabis Laws on Family Relationships
•  If a woman quarrel with her husband, and
  say "You are not congenial to me," the reasons
  for her prejudice must be presented. If she is
  guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but
  he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt
  attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry
  and go back to her father's house.
• 142

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Quest for Order
• The Course of Empire
• Cities appear 4000 BCE
• Dominate region from 3200-2350 BCE
• Ur, Eridu, Lagash, Kish, Nineveh
• State formation

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Quest for Order
• The Later Mesopotamian Empires
• The Assyrian Empire
• Nebuchadnezzar
• the New Babylonian
• Empire

Winged Bull Sargon II, 721 - 705 B.C.E.
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Later Mesopotamian Empires

• Weakening of central rule an invitation to
  foreign invaders
• Assyrians use new iron weaponry
• Beginning 1300 BCE, by 8th-7th centuries BCE
  control Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, most of
  Egypt
• Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon (r. 605-562) takes
  advantage of internal dissent to create Chaldean
  (New Babylonian) Empire
• Famously luxurious capital

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Formation of A Complex Society and
  Sophisticated Cultural Traditions
• Economic Specialization and Trade
• Bronze Metallurgy
• Iron Metallurgy
• The Wheel
• Shipbuilding
• Trade Networks

King Sargon
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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Formation of A Complex Society
  Sophisticated Cultural Traditions
• The Emergence of a Stratified
• Patriarchal Society
• Social Classes
• Temple Communities
• Slaves
• Patriarchal Society
• Womens Roles

Gypsum Carving of an elderly couple from the city
of Nippur, about 2500 B.C.E.
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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Development of Written Cultural Traditions
• Cuneiform Writing
• Education
• Astronomy Mathematics
• The Epic of Gilgamesh
• compiled after 2000 BCE
• Heroic saga
• Search for meaning, esp. afterlife
• This-worldly emphasis

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The Foundation of Complex Societies

• What does the Epic of Gilgamesh tell us about the
  world view of the Mesopotamian's?

Gilgamesh, Enkidu Bull of Heaven 7th BCE
HIST2321/ IDST2372 Dr. C. Keller
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Early Societies in Southwest Asia
Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
Israel Phoenicia, 1500-600 B.C.E. Note cities
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The Early Hebrews

• Patriarchs Matriarchs from Babylon, c. 1850 BCE
• Parallels between early biblical texts, Code of
  Hammurabi
• Early settlement of Canaan (Israel), c. 1300 BCE
• Biblical text slavery in Egypt, divine
  redemption
• On-going conflict with indigenous populations
  under King David (1000-970 BCE) Solomon
  (970-930 BCE)

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Broader Influence of Mesopotamian Society
• Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
• Hebrews shared polytheistic beliefs of other
  Mesopotamian civilizations
• Moses introduces monotheism, belief in single god
• Denies existence of competing parallel deities
• Personal god reward and punishment for
  conformity with revealed law
• The Torah (the teaching)

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Mt. Nebo Contested Religious Landscapes
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Mt. Nebo Contested Religious Landscapes
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Mt. Nebo Contested Religious Landscapes
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Mt. Nebo Contested Religious Landscapes
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Mt. Nebo Contested Religious Landscapes
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Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
Model of Ancient Jerusalem, Israel
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Foreign conquests of Israel

• Civil war
• Northern tribes Israel
• Southern Judah
• Assyrian conquest, 722 BCE
• Exiles Israel ten lost tribes
• Babylonian conquest, 586 BCE
• Additional exile of many residents of Judah
• Returned later than century

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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Phoenicians
• The Early Phoenicians
• Phoenician Trade Networks
• Alphabetic Writing

Phoenician ship
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Early Societies in Southwest Asia

• The Indo-European Migrations
• Indo-European Origins
• Indo-European Languages
• The Indo-European Homeland
• Horses
• Indo-European Expansion Its Effects
• The Hittites
• War Chariots
• Iron Metallurgy
• Indo-European Migrations to the East, South,
  West

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The Nature of Indo-European Migrations
Indo-European Migrations, 3000-1000 B.C.E.
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Implications of Indo-European Migration

• Hittites migrate to central Anatolia, c. 1900
  BCE, later dominate Babylonia
• Influence on trade
• Horses, chariots with spoked wheels, use of Iron
• Iron
• Migrations to western China, Greece, Italy also
  significant
• Influence on language and culture
• Aryo, noble, lord
• Aryan, Iranian, Irish
• Caste system in India

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Key Words Terms

• Epic of GilgameshHomo sapiens  Global
  Migrations Paleolithic EraNeolithic EraCatal
  Huyuk, 5500 BCEMesopotamia SumerSargon of
  Akkad Hammurabi's Laws

• Cuneiform writing
• The Hittites
• The Assyrians HebrewsMosesMonotheismPhoenician
  sIndo-EuropeansIron MetallurgyThe Wheel