SANITARY ENGINEERING

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• ??? ??????? ??????
• SANITARY ENGINEERING
• DEPARTMENT
• ??? ??????? ???????
• CIVIL ENGINEERING
•  ????? ?????
• ????? ??????? ???????
• WATER SUPPLY ENGINEERING
•  
• ?.?/ ???? ??? ?????????

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• ????? ??????? ??????? ???????
• Ground water supply works
• ?????? ???????........................ Dissolved
  matters
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????
  ???? ??? ???
• (100- 10000) ??? ?? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ???????
  ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????
  ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???
  ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ????????? ? ?????????
  ? ???????? ? ???? ??????? .

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• ??? ??????.................Hardness of water
• ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????
  ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??
  ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???
  ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? - 
• s??? ????........ Temporary hardnes
• ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????
  ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? .
  ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???
  ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ??????? ? ?????????.
• ??? ????......... Permanent hardness
• ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ??????
  ???????? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??
  ?????? ? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????
  ??? ??? ?????? . ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
  ????? ??????? ?? ?????.
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????? ??? ??????Degree of hardness
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• Calculation of Screen Length???? ??? ???????
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• Percentage of opening areas of screen is not more
  than 10 of total surface area of screen pipe.
• Total area of screen opening 0.10 p d L
• L length of perforated pipe
• d diameter of perforated pipe
• V1 entering velocity of water through the
  openings 0.03 m/sec
• V2 entering velocity of water through the pipe
  of the well1.0 m/sec

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• Q(0.1pdL) V1 and V1 0.030 m/sec
• Q(0.1pdL) 0.03 0.003pdL ..1
• From Darcy equation
• QA V2 (p d2/4). V2 (p d2/4).2
• Equation (1) Equation (2)
• Q 0.003pdL (p d2/4)
• L 83.3d 90.00 d
• Example
• If d 6 inch 15 cm
• L 90 0.15 13.5 m take it 16 m

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• ???? ?????? ???????........ Pollution of ground
  water
• ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???????
  ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? -
• ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????
  ???????.
• ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????.
• ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????
• ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.
• ????? ??????? ????????.
• ???????? ??????? ???????.
• ???? ?????? ?????????.

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• ????? ?????? ??????? (???? ?? ????)

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• ?????? ?????? ??????????

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• ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????.. Discharging from
  several aquifires

B b1 b2 b3 K ( K1 K2 K3 ) / 3
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• ??? ??????? ??????? ???????Ground water supply
  systems

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• ????? ????? ??????Water Softening Works..
• ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? 2000 ??? 10.000
  ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???
  ??????? ??? 1500 ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? (
  brackesh water)
• ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????
  ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 35 ??? 40 ??? ??? ??
  ??????? ( ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??
  ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 30 ???40 ????? ???? ??
  ??????? )

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• ????????? ???????? ??????? ?What is the Reverse
  Osmosis?..

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???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? Reverse
Osmosis
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• Example
• For a resort at the north costal beach it is
  required to supply about 500m3/d of water.
• There is no enough water from the public water
  pipe line, which is called (Alexandria-Matrouh
  water line).
• The decsition was taken to erict a reverse
  osmosis system. If brine water 80, design this
  system.

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• Soft water flow rate Qs 500m3/d
• Brine water Qb 80 of pumped sea water Qsea
• Qs 20 of pumped sea water
• Qsea 500100/20 2500m3/d
• Qb 0.8 2500 2000 m3/d
• Choose RO membrain 200mm diameter gives 10m3/m/d
  of soft water
• The total length of membrain 500/10 50m
• If 6m length membrain is used,
• the nomber of units 50/6 8.33
• we take 10 units.
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• Ground water tank must be enough for one day
  at least,
• 3 days at most, we consider 2 days.
• Volume of ground water tank 5002 1000m3
• Wter depth 4m,
• Area 1000/4 250m2 plus 10 walls
• Total area 250 1.10 275m2
• Pumping
• Pump-1 from well to filters,
• Qsea 2500m3/d 125m3/hr for 20hours duty every
  day. Head 4bars
• Pump-2 from filters to RO,
• Qsea 125m3/hr for 20hours duty every day.
• Head 40bars
• Qsoft 500m3/d for 20hours duty every day..
  25m3/hr
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