Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Communication Protocol for Collision Warning

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Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless Communication
Protocol for Collision Warning

• Arunkumar Anand
• No 2, S7 ECE

Seminar Presentation 2006 Dept. of Electronics
Communiactions. Govt. Engg. College, Wayanad.
http//arunkumaranand.bizhat.com/seminar
28th September 2006
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Contents

• Motivation
• Application Levels
• Overview of Vehicular Communications
• Needs and Assumptions
• Protocol for Vehicular Comm.
• Application Challenges
• State Transition
• Future Works
• Conclusion
• References

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Motivation
Accidents have been taking thousands of lives
each year

• Study shows - About 60 roadway collisions could
  be avoided if the operator of the vehicle was
  provided warning at least one-half second prior
  to a collision
• (- US. Patent No. 5,613,039)
• Constraints of human drivers perception
• Line-of-sight limitation of brake light
• Large processing/forwarding delay for emergency
  events.

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1. Line of Sight Limitation
Constraints of human drivers perception
On foggy days
Whats in front of that bus ?
Whats behind the bend ?
On rainy days
Fig.1
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Constraints of human drivers perception
2. Large forwarding delay for emergency events.
Three Cars, namely
Reaction time ranges from 0.7sec to 1.5sec
Car A
Car B
Car C
Animation. 1
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Overview of Different Vehicular Communications
Data Base
Scope of this Paper
Communication
Hot Spots (DSRC)
Petrol Pump, Workshop etc..
Satellite to
Vehicle
(GPS)
-
( V2V )
Vehicle
-
Vehicle
to
-
to
-
Roadside
Vehicle
(DSRC)
( DSRC)
( V2R )
Fig.2
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Application Levels

• Traffic Safety can be improved if drivers have
  the ability to see further down the road.
• If traffic information was provided to Drivers,
  Police and other Authorities roads would be safe
  and traveling on them would be more efficient
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V) and Vehicle-to-Roadside(V2
  R) Communication can bring out the following
  achievements.

• Presence of obstacles on road.
• Emergency Braking of a preceding vehicle.
• Information about Blind Crossing, School
  proximity, Railway crossing etc
• Entries to Highways.
• High Speed Internet Access.
• Electronic Toll Collection.
• Parking Space locater in Cities.
• Nearest Petrol Pump, Workshop etc..

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for a vehicle participating in V2V communication
Needs and Assumptions
Interested on Direction, Speed, Position etc

• Is able to obtain its own geographical location
  and determine the relative positions on the
  road.(Digital Maps, GPS)
• Is equipped with at least one wireless transceiver

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Protocol for Vehicular Comm.
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Animation. 2
Analyze a practical situation

• DSRC for cooperative vehicle information

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Animation. 2
Not For me!
Who affects the most ?
position speed intent

• DSRC for cooperative vehicle information

For me!
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Terms

• Abnormal Vehicle (AV)
• A vehicle acts abnormally, e.g. deceleration
  exceeding a certain threshold, dramatic change of
  moving direction, major mechanical failure, etc.
• Emergency Warning Messages (EWM)
• Messages generated by an AV to warn other
  surrounding vehicles, which include the
  geographical location, speed, acceleration and
  moving direction of the AV.

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Application Challenges lt1gt

• Requiring to support multiple co-existing AVs
  over a longer period of time
• Co-existing AVs AVs whose existences overlap in
  time and whose transmissions may interfere with
  each other
• An AV can exist for an extended period of time
• Chain effects of emergency road situation

Fig.3
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Application Challenges lt2gt

• Differentiation of emergency events and
  elimination of redundant EWMs
• Unnecessary EWMs should be avoided so that the
  channel bandwidth can be better utilized for
  useful EWMs

Fig.4
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State transitions of AVs
Eliminate redundant EWMs

• Each AV may be in one of three states

• Initial AV When an emergency event occurs to a
  vehicle, the vehicle becomes an AV and enters the
  initial AV state, transmitting EWMs following the
  rate decreasing algorithm.

• Non-flagger AV nonparticipating in sending EWMs
  to the group on some conditions to
  eliminate redundant EWMs

• Flagger AV resuming EWM transmissions at the
  minimum required rate.

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State transitions of AVs (condition.)

• Transitions from Initial AV state to Non-flagger
  AV state
• At least Talert duration has elapsed since the
  time when the vehicle became an initial AV.
• EWMs from one of the followers of the initial
  AV are being overheard

• Transitions from Non-flagger AV to flagger AV
• sets a timer for a Flagger Timeout ( FT)
  duration. If it does not receive any EWMs from
  its followers when the FT timer expires, the
  non-flagger AV changes its state to flagger AV.

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Examples of state transitions
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Examples of state transitions (cont.)
Fig. 5d
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Future Works
USDOT Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Program

• Vehicle manufacturers would install the
  technology in all new vehicles,
• beginning at a particular model year
• Full-scale deployment in both the vehicles and
  the roadside infrastructure will be made
  by 2008/9

Car2Car Communication Consortium (
www.car-to-car.org )

• Non-profit organization initiated by European
  vehicle manufacturers.
• To create and establish an open European
  industry standard for

• Car2Car communication systems based on wireless
  LAN components and to guarantee
  European-wide inter-vehicle operability

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Conclusion

• An Overview of Vehicular Comm. is given.
• Protocol of Vehicular Comm. Is discussed.
• Protocol Challenges are also analysed.

Hi Buddy
A new era is arriving where vehicles
will communicate with each other, the devices
within them, and also with the world making the
next generation of vehicles into communication
hubs.
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References

• 1 S. Biswas, "Vehicle-to-Vehicle Wireless
  Communication Protocols for Enhancing Highway
  Traffic Safety," Communications Magazine, IEEE
  Publication Date Jan. 2006 Volume 44, Issue 1
  page(s)74- 82
• 2 X. Yang et al., " A Vehicle-to-Vehicle
  Communication Protocol for Cooperative Collision
  Warning,"Proc. 1st Annual Intl. Conf. Mobile and
  Ubiquitous Syst Networking and Services, 2004
• 3 G.S Bickel, "Inter/Intra-Vehicle Wireless
  Communication" at http//userfs.cec.wustl.edu/gsb
  1/index.html
• 4 Q. Xu, R. Sengupta, and D. Jiang, "Design and
  Analysis of Highway Safety Communication Protocol
  in 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short-Range Communication
  Spectrum," Proc. IEEE VTC, vol. 57, no. 4, 2003,
  pp. 245155
• 5 C.Bettstetter  "Toward Internet-Based Car
  Communications On Some System Architecture And
  Protocol Aspects" TUM, Germany
• 6 J. Zhu and S. Roy, "MAC for Dedicated Short
  Range Communications in Intelligent Transport
  Systems,"IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 41, no. 12, 2003
• 7 http//www.car-to-car.org/

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