IV. Aquatic Biomes

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IV. Aquatic Biomes
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A. Characteristics

• 1. Temperature is the main limiting factor
• a. Controlled by depth- deepercolder
• 1. Light only penetrates maximum 100 meters
  photic zone
• 2. below this is the aphotic zone
• b. Movement also cools temperature.

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• 2. Temperature also controls nutrient levels
• a. Warmer temps more nutrients but colder
  increases oxygen
• b. Must find balance and adjust behavior.

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B. Types

• 1. All moving bodies are called streams
• a. Movement increases oxygen levels
• b. Cause erosion on outside of bends where
  speed increases
• c. Deposition occurs on outside of bends
  where it slows.
• d. Creatures must adapt to flow of stream

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• 2. Standing waters are split by salinity
• a. Oceans and seas average around 30 ppt
  salinity
• 1. divided into subregions
• a. Neritic zone is water above
  continental shelf
• 1. bottom is benthic zone
• b. Oceanic zone is open ocean
• 1. called pelagic zone
• c. Reefs are coral structures or kelp
  forests

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• b. Freshwaters salinity is around .5ppt
• 1. names are nonscientific
• 2. Scientific study is limnology
• 3. Oceanic scale lakes are large enough to
  behave like oceans

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• 4. Wetlands are ecosystems where plant roots
  are inundated with water at least part of the
  year
• a. Can be salt water
• 1. salt marsh- coastal wetland dominated by
  grasses
• a. The Everglades
• 2. Mangrove swamps are dominated by
  mangrove trees.

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• b. Can be freshwater
• 1. swamps dominated by trees
• 2. marshes are mostly grasses
• 3. bogs are highly acidic
• 4. fens are more alkaline

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• c. All serve as natural filters for chemicals
  and debris
• 1. also provide breeding grounds for
  animals
• d. Being destroyed for residencies or in
  areas cant, used as dumping grounds