Ecology

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Ecology
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Ecology

• Ecology is the study of the interactions among
  organisms and their environment

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What is the Biosphere?

• The portion of the earth in which all living
  things exist
• Only about 20Km of total diameter of earth
• From ocean floor to about 8Km above earths surface

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Two types of factors in Biosphere

• Biotic all things living
• Examples?
• Abiotic all things non-living
• Examples?

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Many subcategories

• Population all individuals of a certain species
  within a certain area
• Community all the populations of different
  species within an area

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Many subcategories

• Ecosystem includes a community and its physical
  environment
• Includes both biotic and abiotic

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Individuals have a habitat and a niche

• Habitat where an individual organism lives its
  home
• where is yours?
• Niche the role that organism plays in its
  ecosystem
• What is yours?

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Relationships between organisms

• Competition if two individuals occupy the same
  niche they will compete
• Limited resources like?
• Only one will win

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Relationships between organisms

• Symbiosis two organisms living in close
  association
• Three types mutualism, commensalism and
  parasitism

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Relationships between organisms

• Mutualism both species benefit

Example? Why?
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Relationships between organisms

• Commensalism one benefits the other is neither
  hurt nor helped

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Relationships between organisms

• Parasitism one species benefits at the others
  expense

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All organisms require Energy

• As one organism eats another energy moves through
  ecosystem
• Forms food chain
• Many food chains make food web

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Food Chain
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Food Web
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Mother Nature Recycles
All essential inorganic nutrients cycle between
biotic and abiotic parts of ecosystem - Water
- Oxygen - Carbon - Phosphorus - Nitrogen
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Water Cycle
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Water Cycle

• Organisms give off water
• Water evaporates into atmosphere
• Water condenses in cloud
• Falls back to earth in rain/snow
• Taken back in by Organisms

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Carbon cycle
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Phosphorous Cycle
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Oxygen Cycle
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Energy Pyramid
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Energy Pyramid

• Producers/Autotrophs make food from sunlight or
  other inorganic molecules
• examples plants, algae and bacteria

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Energy Pyramid

• Primary consumers eat producers
• Herbivores
• Examples rabbits, plankton

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Energy Pyramid

• Secondary or High order consumers eat primary
  consumers carnivores
• Larger animals
• Top consumers are not eaten by anyone

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Where do they go then?

• Decomposers bacteria break down dead organisms
  and return nutrients (nitrogen) back to the soil
  for producers to use

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Biomes

• Large groups of ecosystems all with a similar
  climate
• Distributed across earth by large shifting blocks
  of land called tectonic plates

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Shifting Land

• Sea Floor Spreading

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As land shifts so does sun exposure, temperature
and rainfall

• Explains the different climates in different
  biomes