Biotic and Abiotic Factors

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Introducing
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Eco
logy
Ecology
the study of the relationships between biotic and
abiotic factors in environments
eco (G) root home, abode
log, -o, y (G) suffix study of
ecoclimate
ecosystem
ecotourism
zoology
epidemiology
climatology
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Ecosystem
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one
particular environment
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
the living parts of an ecosystem
the nonliving parts of an ecosystem
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Examples of Ecosystems

• Lake - Rainforest
• Swamps - drop of water
• Desert - grasslands
• Ocean - forest
• Tundra - mountains
• Taiga - pond
• Savannah - river
• Coral reef

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Biotic Factors
Bio
include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms
bio(s), bio(t) (G) root life
biology
biostatistics
biography
biotechnology
biosphere
biomechanics
biotic
biofeedback
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Examples of Biotic Factors
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Abiotic Factors
A
include air, water, soil, temperature, wind,
source of energy (usually sun)
a, an (G) prefix not, without
atoxic
amoral
abiotic
amusia
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Examples of Abiotic Factors
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Pond Ecosystem List examples of the biotic and
abiotic factors in this image.
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Examples of Ecosystems
Arizona Desert
Mountains in Colorado
Coral Reef in Belize
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Ecosystems
do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to
biotic and abiotic changes
can change daily as things move from one
ecosystem to another
Biotic
Abiotic
migration, seed dispersal
flood, erosion, drought
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Biotic Factors
interact with each other in complex ways
parasitism mutualism competition
such as
also interact with abiotic factors in the
ecosystem
dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light
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Each ecosystem contains different habitats.

• A habitat is the place where an organism lives.
  It supplies all the biotic and abiotic factors
  the organism needs to survive.
• Ex. A rotting log is a perfect habitat for
  insects, fungi and worms.
• Ex. A sea star finds food and comfortable
  temperatures in shallow ocean water.

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How an organism acts within its ecosystem is
called its niche.

• Examples of niches
• Some animals eat other organisms, and some eat
  only plants.
• Some plants grow in sunny spots, while others
  need shade.
• Worms and bacteria break down dead organisms for
  energy and recycle the nutrients into the
  ecosystem.

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Biome
a major regional or global biotic community, a
super ecosystem, defined chiefly by the dominant
forms of plant life and the prevailing climate
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Major Biomes of the World
desert
grassland
tropical rain forest
deciduous forest
coniferous forest
tundra
ocean
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Levels of Organization
smallest unit of living things
group of similar cells organized to work together
group of different kinds of tissues working
together
group of organs working together
one individual living thing
all organisms of the same kind living in one area
all interacting populations in an ecosystem
all living and nonliving things interacting
within a certain area
large region with typical plants and animals that
includes several ecosystems
cell
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A community is made up of all the populations
that live in an area at the same time.

• Ex. A wetland community in North Carolina might
  include white-tailed deer, raccoons, black bears,
  turtles, snakes, fish and many insects. It would
  also include all the grasses, shrubs, and trees
  living in the same area.

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• All the organisms of a species that live in the
  same place at the same time make up a population.

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Food Chains/ Webs
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How does energy flow through an ecosystem?
The ability to do work or cause change
What is energy?
Energy Pyramid
You lose 90 of your energy when you go to the
next level. Decomposers eat whats leftover.
Consumer carnivores (animal eaters)
100 units of energy
Consumer herbivores (plant eaters)
1,000 units of energy
Producer plants
10,000 units of energy
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RULE OF 10

• Only 10 of energy is transferred from one
  trophic level to the next.
• Example
• It takes 100 kgs of plant materials (producers)
  to support 10 kgs of herbivores
• It takes 10 kgs of herbivores to support 1 kg of
  1st level predator

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What is a food chain?
The flow of energy of one organism eating another
organism
Turn your energy pyramid into a food chain
Producer Consumer 2nd
level Decomposer
consumer
Lion
Bacteria
Grass
Zebras
S\FACULTY\6th Science\Energy flow through an
ecosystem.asf
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What is a food web?
The pattern of overlapping food chains in an
ecosystem
FOOD WEBS SHOW HOW MANY ANIMALS ARE
INTERCONNECTED BY DIFFERENT PATHS.
FOOD WEBS show how plants and animals are
connected in many ways to help them all survive.
FOOD CHAINS follow just one path as animals
find food.
Food chains and food webs.asf
S\FACULTY\6th Science\Food web.asf
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Make your own food web.

• Hawk
• Phytoplankton
• Algae
• Mouse
• Snake
• Mosquito Larva
• Fish
• Grasshopper

• Include at least 3 different food chains.
• Include at least 3 illustrations.

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Bibliography
Arms. (1996). Environmental Science.
Orlando,Florida Holt, Rinehart and
Winston, Inc.
McLaren, James E, and Rotundo, Lisa (1985).
Heath Biology. D. C. Heath and Company.
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English
Language, Third Edition. (1992). Houghton
Mifflin Company.