CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMY PROGRAM (CNAP)

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CISCO NETWORKING ACADEMY PROGRAM (CNAP) SEMESTER
1/ MODULE 7
Ethernet Technologies
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MODULE 7
Ethernet Fundamentals
Objectives

• Upon completion of this module, students will be
  able to perform tasks related to the following
• 10-Mbps and 100-Mbps Ethernet
• Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet

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MODULE 7
Ethernet Technologies
Types of Ethernet
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Ethernet Technologies
10-Mbps Ethernet

• 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-T all share the same
  timing parameters, as shown below

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Ethernet Technologies
10-Mbps Ethernet

• The encoding technique used in 10-Mbps Ethernet
  is called Manchester

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Ethernet Technologies
10BASE5

• 10BASE5 transmitted 10 Mbps over a single thick
  coaxial cable bus
• Each of the maximum five segments of thick coax
  may be up to 500 m (1640.4 ft) in length
• 10BASE5 only runs in half-duplex resulting in a
  maximum of 10 Mbps of data transfer
• Figure shown below illustrates one possible
  configuration for a maximum end-to-end collision
  domain
• Between any two distant stations only three
  repeated segments are permitted to have stations
  connected to them
• with the other two repeated segments used only as
  link segments to extend the network.

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Ethernet Technologies
10BASE2

• 10BASE2 transmitted 10 Mbps over a single thin
  coaxial cable bus
• Each of the maximum five segments of thick coax
  may be up to 185 m in length
• 10BASE2 only runs in half-duplex resulting in a
  maximum of 10 Mbps of data transfer

• There may be up to 30 stations on any individual
  10BASE2 segment
• Out of the five consecutive segments in series
  between any two distant stations
• Only three may have stations attached

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Ethernet Technologies
10BASE2
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Ethernet Technologies
10BASE-T

• 10BASE-T used Category 3 unshielded twisted pair
  (UTP) copper but recommended that any new cable
  installations be made with Category 5e or better
• A 10BASE-T UTP cable has a solid conductor for
  each wire in the maximum 90 meter horizontal
  cable
• Originally 10BASE-T was a half-duplex protocol,
  but full-duplex features were added later
• 10BASE-T carries 10 Mbps of traffic in
  half-duplex mode and 20 Mbps in full-duplex mode

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Ethernet Technologies
10BASE-T Wiring Architecture
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Ethernet Technologies
100-Mbps Ethernet

• 100-Mbps Ethernet is also known as Fast Ethernet
  or IEEE 802.3u
• The two technologies that have become important
  are
• 100BASE-TX, which is a copper UTP medium
• 100BASE-FX, which is a multimode optical fiber
  medium
• Two separate encoding steps are used by 100-Mbps
  Ethernet
• The first part of the encoding uses a technique
  called 4B/5B
• the second part of the encoding is the actual
  line encoding specific to copper or fiber

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Ethernet Technologies
100BASE-TX

• 100BASE-TX using Cat 5 UTP cable
• 100BASE-TX uses 4B/5B encoding, which is then
  scrambled and converted to multi-level transmit-3
  levels or MLT-3

• 100BASE-TX carries 100 Mbps of traffic in
  half-duplex mode.
• In full-duplex mode, 100BASE-TX can exchange 200
  Mbps of traffic

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Ethernet Technologies
100BASE-FX

• 100BASE-TX using Fiber Optic cable
• 100BASE-FX also uses 4B/5B encoding which called
  NRZI (Nonreturn to Zero Inverted) encoding

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Ethernet Technologies
Fast Ethernet Architecture

• Fast Ethernet links generally consist of a
  connection between a station and a hub or switch
• A Class I repeater may introduce up to 140
  bit-times of latency and is any repeater that
  changes between one Ethernet implementation and
  another

• A Class II repeater may only introduce a maximum
  of 92 bit-times latency
• Because of the reduced latency it is possible to
  have two Class II repeaters in series

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Ethernet Technologies
1000-Mbps Ethernet

• The 1000-Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet or IEEE
  802..3z standards represent transmission using
  both fiber and copper media
• Fiber-based Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-X) uses
  8B/10B encoding which is similar to the 4B/5B
  concept
• 1000BASE-TX, 1000BASE-SX, and 1000BASE-LX use the
  same timing parameters, as shown below

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Ethernet Technologies
1000BASE-T

• 1000BASE-T use all four pairs of wires (must meet
  the higher quality Category 5e or ISO Class D
  (2000) requirements)
• The 1000BASE-T encoding with 4D-PAM5
  (4-Dimensional 5 level Pulse Amplitude
  Modulation) line encoding
• In idle periods there are 9 voltage levels found
  on the cable, and during data transmission
  periods there are 17 voltage levels found on the
  cable

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Ethernet Technologies
1000BASE-SX LX

• 1000BASE-X uses 8B/10B encoding converted to
  non-return to zero (NRZ) line encoding
• The NRZ signals are then pulsed into the fiber
  using either short-wavelength or long-wavelength
  light sources

• The short-wavelength uses an 850 nm laser or LED
  source in multimode optical fiber (1000BASE-SX)
• The long-wavelength 1310 nm laser source uses
  either single-mode or multimode optical fiber
  (1000BASE-LX)Laser sources used with single-mode
  fiber can achieve distances of up to 5000 meters

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Ethernet Technologies
Gigabit Ethernet Architecture

• 1000BASE-SX

• 1000BASE-LX

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Ethernet Technologies
10-Gbps Ethernet

• IEEE 802.3ae was adapted to include 10 Gbps
  full-duplex transmission over fiber optic cable
• As is typical for new technologies, a variety of
  implementations are being considered, including
• 10GBASE-SR Intended for short distances over
  already-installed multimode fiber, supports a
  range between 26 m to 82 m
• 10GBASE-LX4 Uses wavelength division
  multiplexing (WDM), supports 240 m to 300 m over
  already-installed multimode fiber and 10 km over
  single-mode fiber
• 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-ER Support 10 km and 40
  km over single-mode fiber
• 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, and 10GBASE-EW Known
  collectively as 10GBASE-W are intended to work
  with OC-192 synchronous transport module (STM)
  SONET/SDH WAN equipment

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Ethernet Technologies
10-Gbps Ethernet
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Ethernet Technologies
10-Gbps Ethernet Implementations