Global Warming and Japan’s Energy Conservation Policy

1
Global Warming and Japans Energy Conservation
Policy

• SHIGETOMI Norio
• Project Coordinator
• Global Environment Technology Development Dept.
• NEW ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPOMENT
  ORGANIZATION (NEDO)

2
GHG Emissions Trend and Kyoto Target in Japan
1,332
Base year (1,233)
74
-6(1,159)
Mt (CO2 equivalent)
Base year
Fiscal year
2000
1990
June 2002 Japans ratification of the Kyoto
Protocol GHG emissions reduction target 6
below 1990 levels GHG emissions as of 2000 8
above 1990 levels
3
Current Status of Global GHG Emissions
Japan
Source Ministry of the Environment (2000)
4
Changes in Japans CO2 Emissions by Sector
Amount of energy-derived CO2 emissions accounts
for 93.4 of total emissions amount in 2000.
Industry 495 MtCO2 (0.9 increase from
1990) Transportation 256 MtCO2 (20.6
increase from 1990) Business/Home 318 MtCO2
(21.3 increase from 1990) Fuel conversion 86
MtCO2 (11.4 increase from 1990) ltRef.
Non-energy derived CO2 emissionsgt Industrial
process 53 MtCO2 (6.1 decrease from
1990) Wastes (plastic and waste oil disposal) 24
MtCO2 (57.5 increase from 1990)
Emissions (MtCO2)
Source Ministry of the Environment
5
Global Warming Policy in Japan
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
1994
2002
Japans ratification of Kyoto Protocol
UNFCCC
Kyoto Protocol
Outline of Global Warming Prevention
Revised
Basic policy
Climate Change Policy Law
Revised
1979 Energy Conservation Law
Revised
Revised
Individual policy
Law concerning Promotion of the Use of New Energy
RPS
Global Warming Prevention Initiative
RD policy
Actions by industry
Keidanrens voluntary action plans
6
Current Status of GHG Emissions in Japan
Unit MtCO2
1332
Reduction of energy-derived CO2 emissions
8
1233
14
Further reduction by additional GHG emissions
reduction measures
6
1159
1990
2000
2010
Base year
Current
First commitment
Source Ministry of the Environment
7
Strategies for the Kyoto Target 6 GHG
Emissions Reduction


Note Decrease/increase from 1990.
Source Outline of Global Warming Prevention
(March 2002)
8
Japans Measures to Decrease Energy-derived CO2
Emissions to 1990 Levels
Emissions by existing measures defined in the
former Outline of Global Warming Prevention
Approx. 1,126 MtCO2
Reductions measures for energy-derived CO2
emissions
1250
1200
2000 1,155 MtCO2
Reduction by additional measures Approx. 74
MtCO2
1150
Energy-derived CO2 emissions
1100
1050
1000
2000
1990 1,053 MtCO2
Target in 2010 1,053 MtCO2
Sources Ministry of the Environment, Outline of
Global Warming Prevention (March 2002), etc.
9
Energy-derived CO2 Emissions per GDP in Major
Developed Countries
Source National Inventory, IPCC Secretariat
10
Comparison of per capita CO2 Emissions

• Given its low per capita CO2 emission level,
  Japan has already achieved the highest level of
  energy efficiency.

Source National Inventory
11
Comparison of CO2 Emissions Reduction Cost

• The marginal reduction cost is higher in Japan
  than in the EU
• and USA.

Cost estimation for target reduction (IPCC Third
Assessment Report)
1074
1000
966
Marginal reduction cost (US )
800
600
Approx. 400
410
400
Approx. 300
Approx. 200
97
200
20
76
0
Japan
EU
USA
Note The arrow indicate the range of various
cost estimation results.
12
Additional Emissions Reduction Measures 1.
Energy Conservation
Unit kl, crude oil equivalent
Source Outline of Global Warming Prevention
(March 2002)
13
Additional Emissions Reduction Measures 2.
Target of New Energy Utilization -1 (July 2001)
Unit kl, crude oil equivalent
1. New energy on the supply-side
Source Advisory Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources (July 2001)
14
Additional Emissions Reduction Measures 2.
Target of New Energy Utilization -2 (July 2001)
2. Renewable energy
Unit million kl, crude oil equivalent
3. New energy on demand-side
Source Advisory Committee on Energy and Natural
Resources (July 2001)
15
Additional Emissions Reduction Measures 3. Fuel
Conversion, etc.
Source Outline of Global Warming Prevention
(March 2002)
16
NEDOs Technology Development Activities in New
Energy and Energy Conservation

• Photovoltaic and wind power generation
• Silicon membranes, fuel cells using chemical
  compound
• Fuel cells and hydrogen power generation
• Solid polymer membranes, production/transportati
  on/storage supply of hydrogen
• Biomass energy
• Clean coal technology
• High performance industrial furnaces, reduction
  of standby power, automobiles using high
  efficiency clean energy, etc.

17
NEDOs Supportive Activities for Dissemination of
New Energy and Energy Conservation Technology

• To introduce new technologies to end users
  experimentally, and to demonstrate the
  effectiveness of such technologies, in order to
  establish a basis for full-scale introduction and
  dissemination
• Ex Photovoltaics, wind power generation,
  biomass power generation, etc.

Field test projects for experimental
introduction

• To provide subsidies as a part of project budget
  for full-scale introduction in order to
  accelerate the dissemination
• Ex Clean energy automobiles, photovoltaics,
  wind power generation, high performance
  industrial furnaces, high efficiency hot water
  supply, cogeneration, etc.

Grant projects for full-scale introduction
Cooperative projects for development of
introduction plans
-To cooperate with local authorities for the
purpose of developing technology introduction
plans -To seek smooth introduction and
dissemination through advisory activities at
plants
18
Example of New Energy Utilization Wind Power
Generation
-Large-scale wind power plant in Tomakomai,
Hokkaido -Duration FY 1999 to 2000 -NEDO grant
1/3 of total project budget -Capacity
30,600kw (1,650 kw x 14 units, 1,500 kw x 5 units)

19
Example of New Energy Utilization Photovoltaics
-Photovoltaic field test project (World Trade
Center in Tokyo, Japan) -Duration FY 2000 -NEDO
grant ½ of total project budget -Capacity 80 kw
20
Example of Energy Conservation Technology
Introduction High Performance Industrial
Furnaces
Industrial furnace energy consumption share of
total industrial energy consumption

• Investment and energy conservation
• (heating furnaces)
• NEDO grant 1/3 of total project budget

Industrial furnaces
40
Others
21
CO2 Sequestration Projects in Japan
From 2000 (RITE) Nagaoka-shi, Niigata Prefecture
Sequestration in an aquifer
From 1997 (NEDO, RITE) Joint project by Japan,
US, Canada and Norway
From 2002 (KANSO, J-COAL) Sequestration in a coal
bed
Ocean sequestration
CO2
CH4
Contribution to IPCC Special Report


CH
4
CH
4
CO
2
Coal bed
Substitution
CO2 fixation
22
NEDOs International Cooperation Program

• Purpose Implementation of model projects that
  transfer and disseminate effective energy
  conservation and new energy technologies in Japan

Budget in FY2002 Total JPY 20
billion Energy conservation model projects
(including fundamental research projects)
JPY 14 billion Coal model projects
JPY 2
billion International cooperative projects for
photovoltaic demonstration JPY 1
billion International joint research projects
JPY 3 billion
23
NEDOs Model Project -1

• Purpose
• To introduce Japans energy conservation
  technology to developing countries.
• Budget (FY 2002) JPY 14 billion
• Projects

24
NEDOs Model Project -2 On-going projects and
completed projects by sector
25
Fundamental Research Project for the Promotion
of JI/CDM
Feasibility study for the purpose of exploring
JI/CDM projects that introduce Japanese energy
conservation and fuel conversion technologies
183 projects have been carried out in 38
countries by 2001.
FY1998-FY2001
June 2002 NEDOs first obtaining of CO2 credit
utilizing the Kyoto mechanism resulted from a
project in Kazakhstan
26
CTI Workshop in Japan
-Four workshops have been held in Japan since
1998 -Workshop theme Introduction of laws and
policies relating to global warming prevention
and energy conservation technologies (including
plant visits) -Total number of participants by
2001 58
Government/Industry
27
CTI Workshop Overseas
28
CTI/Industry Joint Seminar on Technology
Diffusion Series
BEIJING ( May 1998 )
WARSAW ( May 2000 )
( Sep 2002 )
BRASTISLAVA ( July 1999 )
MADRID ( May 1999 )
CEBU ( Jan 2000 )
SAN SALVADOR ( Mar 2000 )
VICTORIA FALLS ( Mar 1999 )
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Summary

• Short-term target Development, introduction, and
  dissemination of energy conservation and new
  energy technologies will be pursued in Japan to
  achieve the Kyoto target.
• Mid- to long-term target Development of
  innovative technologies such as CO2 sequestration
  technology will be carried out.
• Global activities, in which the US and developing
  countries participate, are important.

To achieve desirable and balanced 3E (energy
saving, environmental protection, economic
development), in order to develop a sustainable
economic society with environmental consideration.
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Technology Needs in China for GHG Emissions
Reduction -1
31
Technology Needs in China for GHG Emissions
Reduction -2
Sources -Methods for Climate Change Technology
Transfer Needs Assessments and Implementing
Activities, Developing and Transition Country
Approaches and Experiences, Climate Technology
Initiative, March 2002. -The Study on the
Methodologies and its Application of Clean
Development Mechanism in China (March 2002),
National Strategy Studies Program (NSS) -Peoples
Republic of China, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas
Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)
32
Technology Needs in India for GHG Emissions
Reduction
Sources Cooperative Technology Implementation
Plan (CTIP) for India, March 2002
India, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement
Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)
33
Technology Needs in Thailand for GHG Emissions
Reduction
Sources National CDM Strategy Study for The
Kingdom of Thailand, National Strategy Studies
Program (NSS) Thailand, Asia
Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy
(ALGAS, October 1998)
34
Technology Needs in Indonesia for GHG Emissions
Reduction
Sources National CDM Strategy Study for The
Kingdom of Thailand, National Strategy Studies
Program (NSS) Thailand, Asia
Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy
(ALGAS, October 1998)
35
Technology Needs in Philippines for GHG
Emissions Reduction
Sources -Draft Framework for Climate Change
Technology Cooperation in the Philippines (August
1999), Technology Cooperation Agreement Pilot
Project (TCAPP). The program in the Philippines
was initiated under the TCAPP, and continued
under the Cooperative Technology Partnership
(CTP). -Philippines, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse
Gas Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)
36
Technology Needs in Vietnam for GHG Emissions
Reduction
Source Vietnam, Asia Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas
Abatement Strategy (ALGAS, October 1998)
37
Contact Information Global Environment
Technology Development Department NEDO http//www
. nedo.go.jp/get/index.html kankyo_at_nedo.go.jp SHI
GETOMI Norio Email shigetominro_at_nedo.go.jp Tel
81 3 3987-9368