OGT REVIEW

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OGTREVIEW
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People You Should Know
ogt

• Napoleon- was a military and political leader of
  France and Emperor of the French as Napoleon I,
  whose actions shaped European politics in the
  early 19th century.
• John Locke- was an English philosopher and
  physician regarded as one of the most influential
  Enlightenment thinkers.
• Karl Marx- The philosopher, social scientist,
  historian and revolutionary works inspired the
  foundation of many communist regimes in the
  twentieth century.

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People You Should Know
ogt

• Theodore Roosevelt- president early 1900s,
  soldier in Spanish American War, helped build
  Panama Canal, Big Stick Policy.
• Woodrow Wilson- President during WWI, created 14
  Points, founded the League of Nations, a
  Progressive President.
• Franklin Roosevelt- President during Great
  Depression, New Deal, WWII, helped solve the
  Depression, got us through the war, created
  Social Security, United Nations.
• Mao Tse Dong- became first Communist leader of
  China in 1949, held authoritarian control over
  the nation until his death in 1976.

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People You Should Know
ogt

• Adolf Hitler -leader of Germany during WWII,
  dictator, perpetrator of the Final Solution
  resulting in the Holocaust.
• John F. Kennedy-President in the 1960s, involved
  with founded the Peace Corps., mishandling of the
  Bay of Pigs Invasion, and resolving the Cuban
  Missile Crisis.
• Fidel Castro-became the first Communist leader of
  Cuba in 1959, involved with Bay of Pigs Invasion
  and Cuban Missile Crisis.
• Gandhi- leader of the independence movement in
  India, inspiration for leaders such as Dr. Martin
  Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela

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People You Should Know
ogt

• Nelson Mandela- leader of the anti-apartheid
  movement in South Africa, jailed for 27 years,
  first black African president in South Africa.
• Martin Luther King Jr.- leader of Montgomery Bus
  Boycott, became leader of the movement, I Have a
  Dream speech.
• Rosa Parks- civil rights activist, helped start
  the movement with her act of civil disobedience
  on a Montgomery bus.
• Richard Nixon- president in the 1970s, first to
  visit China and Soviet Union, Watergate Scandal,
  first to resign.

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• SPANISH AMERICAN WAR-
• CAUSES The mistreatment of Cubans by Spain and
  the blowing up of the U.S.S. Maine in the Havana
  Harbor. Yellow Journalism
• SIGNIFICANCE U.S. is establishes itself as a
  military power.
• EFFECTS Panama Canal is built, The U.S.
  acquires Guam, Puerto Rica, and the Philippines.
  

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• WORLD WAR I-
• CAUSES Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism,
  Nationalism, the immediate cause is the
  assassination of Franz Ferdinand.
• SIGNIFICANCE New technology changes how all
  armies organize themselves,
• EFFECTS League of Nations, Great Depression,
  World War II, The Holocaust.

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• WORLD WAR II-
• CAUSES the harsh terms of the Versailles Treaty,
  economic instability in Europe, Rise of
  Dictators.
• SIGNIFICANCE helps to end the Great Depression,
  changes the worlds view on crimes against
  humanity.
• EFFECTS the United Nations, Atomic Bomb, Cold
  War, The U.S. and Soviet Union emerge as
  superpowers. Baby Boom,

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• THE COLD WAR-
• CAUSES The use of atomic weapons, Soviets
  refusal to leave Eastern Europe after WWII.
• SIGNIFICANCE a lasting, uneasy peace between
  the U.S. and Soviet Union will shape world
  politics.
• EFFECTS Berlin Wall, Korean War, Vietnam War
• NATO, Warsaw Pact, Arms Race, Space Race

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• KOREAN WAR-
• CAUSES Korea is divided after WWII, North
  (communist) invades the South (non-communist)
  domino effect, containment
• SIGNIFICANCE increased tension in the Cold War.
• EFFECTS Korea is still divided, oppressive
  government in the North.

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CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR WARS

• VIETNAM WAR-
• CAUSES unstable government in the South, fear
  of the domino effect, containment
• SIGNIFICANCE civil disobedience, conscientious
  objectors.
• EFFECTS Long drawn out war in Vietnam and at
  home with hawks versus doves. Vietnam eventually
  taken over by Communism.

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LANDMARK COURT CASES

• PLESSY V. FERGUSON-
• Homer Plessy sued the railroad because of
  segregated cars in 1892.
• 1896- the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against him
  that as long as the segregated cars were equal it
  was allowable under the Constitution.
• Separate but Equal was established which made
  all of the segregation laws known as Jim Crow
  legal.

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LANDMARK COURT CASES

• BROWN V. THE BOARD-
• In 1954, the Brown family and several other
  families sued the school system in Topeka,
  Kansas.
• Thurgood Marshall argued the case, that the
  schools were not equal.
• Plessy v. Ferguson was overturned and the process
  of desegregating the schools began in the years
  to follow.

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LANDMARK COURT CASES

• SCHENK v. The U.S.-
• During World War I, Charles Schenk protested the
  recruitment of soldiers by means of the draft.
• He was arrested after protesting outside a
  recruitment office. After going to the U.S.
  Supreme Court based on upholding his 1st
  Amendment right to Freedom of Speech, he lost
  the case.
• The court ruled that he was a clear and present
  danger to the United States during a time of war.

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LANDMARK COURT CASES

• CALIFORNIA v. BAKKE-
• In the mid 1970's Allan Bakke, a white graduate
  student, protested his inability to enter medical
  school at the University of California at Davis.
• He argued that affirmative action programs
  prevented him from entering and were denying him
  his rights under the 13th and 14th amendments of
  the Constitution.
• The court said racial quotas must be eliminated

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• ENLIGHTENMENT- the age of reason
• Intellectual, scientific and cultural life,
  centered upon the 18th century, in which reason
  was advocated as the primary source for
  legitimacy and authority.
• Philosophers John Locke, Francis Bacon, Adam
  Smith, Montesquieu, Rousseau

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION-
• New technology
• High immigration
• Growth of cities
• Crowding and pollution
• Poor working conditions
• African Americans migrate North for jobs.
• Women and children in the workplace.

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• IMPERIALISM-
• Search for new markets
• Competition for trade
• Military superiority
• Spread Christianity
• International Conflict
• U.S. acquires Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, the
  Philippines.
• The U.S. builds the Panama Canal to link the
  oceans.

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• RED SCARE-
• Fear of Communism
• Blacklisting
• Suspicion of others.
• Unfair legal procedures.
• Sacco and Vanzetti convicted and executed.
• Palmer Raids violate Constitutional Rights.

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• HARLEM RENAISSANCE-
• African American literary movement.
• Marked by music, dance, art, and poetry.
• Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington
  and others make a name in the New York
  neighborhood.

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• COLD WAR-
• an uneasy peace.
• Superpowers- U.S. and Soviet Union
• Arms race- weapons
• Space Race
• Wars- Korea and Vietnam
• Berlin Wall

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• 1950s-
• Good economy
• Dwight Eisenhower
• Age of television
• Conformity
• Hula Hoops, Drive Ins, Diners, Rock and Roll

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DESCRIBE THESE ERAS

• 1960s- era of uncertainty
• Unease in the Cold War
• Civil Rights Movement
• Vietnam War begins
• Kennedy Assassination
• Martin Luther King Assassination