Shrimp/Prawn culture

1
Shrimp/Prawn culture

• Penaied shrimp
• 3 common species (early on)
• White, pink, and brown shrimp
• Asian species (Penaeus monodon) most widely
  cultured in Asia
• Spawning important for culture
• Collecting/sourcing females with spermatophores
  attached
• Trawling in short tows to find subject females
• Placed in buckets and will spawn w/in 24 hrs
• Prevents production of a gonadal development
  inhibiting hormone

2
Shrimp/Prawn culture

• Spawning (continued)
• Alternate methods from ablation
• Many studies not highly successful
• Larval stages
• 5 naupliar (nonfeeding) stages
• 3 protozoea stages (begin feeding at 2nd stage)
• 3 mysis stages
• Feeding
• Larval stages - Phytoplankton, phyto brine
  shrimp nauplii or zooplankton (mysis stage)
• Postlarval stages

3
Crawfish culture

• Species/region
• Louisiana (80), Texas, South Carolina
• Red swamp crawfish (Procambarus clarkii)
• White river crawfish (P. acutus)
• 60 from capture fishery (as of early 90s)
• Aquaculture production
• SC 500 800 kg/ha/yr
• LA 2000 kg/ha/yr
• Spawning (under natural conditions)
• Drain ponds w/in few weeks
• Animals burrow into pond bottom
• Reproduction occurs in burrows
• 200 700 juveniles per female

4
Crawfish culture

• Feeding/care
• Pond flooding in Sept Oct period (time of
  hatching)
• Vegetation planted in summer as forage
• Polyculture with marketable grains (rice,
  soybeans, etc).
• Crop harvested and stubble left for forage
• Young crawfish become free swimming (1cm)
• Poor growth
• Females may leave and find water (undesirable)
• Harvesting

5
Oyster culture

• US culture
• Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico American oyster (C.
  virginica)
• Disease problems severely affected wild stocks
  (Chesapeke bay and Florida Gulf coast)
• Methods
• Early efforts -
• Spat (larvae) settle and grow
• Current hatchery production (commercialization)
• Spat culture

6
Oyster culture

• Spawning
• Oysters conditioned to spawn
• Sperm suspension introduced
• Female may release several million eggs
• Eggs removed with fine mesh sieve
• Transferred to filtered seawater
• Hatch to larvae within 48 hrs
• Metamorphosis occurs (10 days)
• Spat stocked at 10 to 50 per oyster shell cultch
• On substrate
• In bags

7
Oyster culture

• Commercialization
• In Washington
• Spat produced in hatchery
• Feeding
• Phytoplankton (feed spat)
• Culture algae in fiberglass tanks (10,000 L)
• Centrifuge algae down to 1 L
• Small amount added to tank
• Food for spat and newly settled oysters
• Used until seeded cultch distributed to natural
  environment
• Harvest at various sizes