Spanish Armada

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Spanish Armada

• What really happened???

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July 31, 1588

• The Spanish awoke this morning to see that the
  English fleet had split into two groups of ships.
  One group had done a fancy bit of sailing by
  tacking along the English coast and had slipped
  in behind the Armada, gaining critical advantage.
  The English vessels were in the windward
  position and had the weather gauge that is, the
  wind at its back filling its sails. They could
  attack whenever they wished, and do so at
  considerable speed. Ships with the weather
  gauge could fight or break off as they pleased.

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August 7, 1588

• This night Sir Francis Drake and the English
  command prepared 8 fire ships. Each ship was
  loaded with barrels of oil and bundles of wood
  soaked in pitch with all cannon set to go off
  when flames reached them. A skeleton crew of
  volunteers on each vessel sailed the ships in the
  dark in sailing line formation directly at the
  anchored Spanish Armada. They were to sail as
  close to the Spanish ships as possible, light the
  fires and try to escape at the last possible
  moment by rowboats. The plan worked better than
  they had imagined. The ships sent the Spanish
  commanders into panic amid shouts that said the
  devil ships are coming. They cut their anchors
  and set sail in the dark. Ships in such close
  quarters slammed into each other and they entire
  Spanish crescent formation was in complete
  disarray.

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August 8, 1588

• English ships swung into action and the disabled
  Spanish ships became easy targets. By the end of
  the day many of the Spaniards finest ships were
  gone. The faster English ships maneuvered for
  sinking after sinking. This decisive battle
  rendered the greatest navy in the world useless
  in a single day.

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Philip II

• Hapsburg King son of Charles I/V absolute
  monarch of Spain known as the Prudent King
• extended Spanish colonization of the southern
  U.S. and to the Philippines
• after his 1st wife died, he married Bloody Mary
  of England as soon as she died, he tried to
  marry her sister, Elizabeth to gain Englands
  alliance against Franceshe refused involved
  Spain in many costly wars

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• Most powerful Spanish monarchused the
  Inquisition to repress the MoriscosMuslims who
  had become Christians and the MarranosJews who
  had become Christians
• He did not believe they all converted, he wanted
  to ensure Catholicism was the ONLY faith in
  SpainProtestantism never gained a following
• He also tried to force the Dutch to become
  Catholic