Mudjito

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INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Mudjito Director for the Management of Special
School
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The General Information on Country
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Area 1,910,931 sq km
Population 237,556,363
Capital Jakarta
System of Government Republic
Languange National Indonesian Local Javanese, Sundanese, Maduranse (Three biggest)
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Religion 87 Muslim, 10 Christian, 2 Hindu, rest Buddhist
Per Capita GDP US 2,590.1 (2009)
Per Capita GNI US 2,499.5 (2009)
Literacy Rate 95.52 (2008)
Economic Growth Rate 4.55 (2009)
Unemployment Rate 7.41 (2009)
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Education System

• Formal
• Kindergarten (2 years)
• Elementary School (at least 6 years)
• Junior Secondary School (at least 3 years)
• Senior Secondary School (at least 3 years)
• University/College/Diploma/Institute
• Informal
• Package A ? Equivalent to Elementary School
• Package B ? Equivalent to JSC
• Package C ? Equivalent to SSC
• Non Formal
• Course
• Training Center

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• Number of Special Needs Children
• Number of school-age-children with special needs
  (5 18 years old) is 356.192 children (21.42 of
  the total of handicapped person).
• Number of children with special needs that have
  obtained educational services is 88.677 children
  (24,9).
• Children with special needs who have not been
  sent to schools yet is 267.515 children (75.1) .

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• Number of Special Schools
• A- Visual Impairment 32 schools (2.4)
• B- Hearing Impairment 97 schools (7,4)
• C- Developmental Impairment 106 schools (8,1)
• Mix 1,036 schools (79)
• F- Autistic 20 schools (1,5)
• Others 20 schools (1)

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• Number of Special Needs Students
• A- Visual Impairment 4.710 students
• B- Hearing Impairment 25.318 students
• C- Developmental Impairment 48.858 students
• Physical Impairment 4.956 students
• F- Autistic 2.669 students
• Gifted/Talented 2.940 students
• Others 1.216 students

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Policy Direction

• Based on three pillars
• Expansion of access and equality of education
• Improved on quality, relevance and
  competitiveness and
• Strengthening for management, accountability, and
  public image.

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• INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

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On Legislation And Policies

National Motto The Unity in Diversity ?
Bhinneka Tunggal Ika   Legislation The 1945
Constitution of the Republic of
Indonesia Article 31 Paragraph (1) Every
citizen has the right to receive
education Paragraph (2) Every citizen has the
obligation to undertake Basic education and the
government has the obligation to fund this
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Act No. 4 Year 1997 on People with
Disabilities Article (5) Every person with
disabilities has equal rights and opportunities
in all aspect of life and lifehood. Article (6)
Every person with disabilities has the right to
get Paragraph (1) Education at all of units,
programs, types, and levels of education.
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Act No.23 Year 2002 on Child Protection Article
48 The Government are obliged to implement basic
education of minimum 9 years for all
children. Article 49 The state, governments,
families and parents are obliged to give
opportunities as extensive as possible to
children to receive education. Article
51 Children with physical and/or mental
disabilities are given equal opportunities and
accessibility to obtain ordinary and special
education. Article 52 Children with excellence
are given opportunities and accessibility to
obtain special education. Article 53 The
governments are responsible for providing
educational fee and/or grants or special service
for children of poor family, disadvantaged
children, and children from remote places.
Article 54 Children in and around the school
must be protected from violence and abuse done by
teachers, school staffs or peers in related
school, or in other educational nstitutions.
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Act of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 Year 2003
on National Education System Article 5
Paragraph (1) Every citizen has equal rights to
receive a good quality education. Paragraph
(2) Citizens whit physical, emotional, mental,
intellectual, and/or social deficiencies shall
have the right to receive Special
Education. Paragraph (3) Citizens in remote or
less-developed areas, and isolated areas have the
right to receive education with special services.
Paragraph (4) Citizens who are proven
intelligent especially gifted have the right to
receive special education.
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Article 32 Paragraph (1) Special education is
provided for learners who have difficulties in
following the learning process because of
physical, emotional, mental, and social
deficiencies, and also for those with proven
intelligence and especially gifted. Paragraph
(2) Education with special services is provided
for learners in the remote and less-developed
areas, isolated areas, and/or for learners who
are victims of natural dissasters, suffer from
social deficiencies, and those who are
economically disadvantaged.
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Government Regulation on Education Organization
and Management No. 17 Year 2010Article 142
Paragraph (2) The District / City Government on
permits from the provincial government should set
for at least 1 (one) unit of education for
implementation of inclusive and / or integrated
education, if under the relevant district has not
already exist for special education unit.
Paragraph (3) The provincial government ensures
that the education unit of inclusion and / or
integrated education as of referred to under
paragraph (2) provide for means, teachers, and
staffs required by pupils with special needs.
Paragraph (4) Universities and colleges must
provide inclusive and / or integrated educational
services for pupils with special needs.
Paragraph (5) Government guarantees of at least
1 (one) college in each province to provide
facilities, faculty, and staff required for
implementation of inclusion and / or integrated
education for pupils with special needs.
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Regulation of Minister of National Education on
Inclusive Education No. 70 year 2009 Article 4
Paragraph 1 Each pupil is eligible to joint the
education in a particular educational unit in
accordance with their needs and abilities
Paragraph 2 Every unit of education from
various channels, types and levels of education
must accept the children with special needs
Paragraph 3 The Government, Provincial
Government and Regency / City Government shall
provide supporting resources to the education
unit of inclusive education in accordance with
their authorities.
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• Policies
• 2004 Bandung Declaration (Indonesia Towards to
  Inclusive Education) held in Bandung from the 8th
  until the 14th August 2004
• Bukittinggi Declaration (International) of 2005
• Circular Letter of Director General of Elementary
  and Secondary Education No.380/C.C6/MN/2003
  concerning Inclusive Education
• Guideline of Inclusive Education Implementation
  (Toolkit, Remedial and Assesment Guidance for
  Children with Academic Difficulties, Model of
  Teaching Materials, etc)

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International NGOs Support Inclusive School

• Helen Keller International ? USAID
• IDP Braillo Norway
• Plan International
• MCPM-AIBEP ? AUSAID
• ASB

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Data of Inclusive School
Item Primary School JSS Total
Schools 1.396 258 1.654
Students 16.432 1.754 17.941
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Programs of Inclusive School

1. Subsidy for e-learning equipment
2. Provision manual books about the implementation
   of inclusive education programs for parents and
   the community
3. Subsidy for accessibility, infrastructure,
   operational for inclusive school, and
   accompaniment by the College.
4. Scholarships for children with disabilities in
   inclusive schools
5. Workshops on inclusive educationSubsidy of School
   Operational Budget
6. Inclusive Education Award

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On Stigma of Inclusive School

1. Some members of community still think that
   Children with Special Needs (Disabled) are
   infectious
2. Some members of community still think that
   Children with Special Needs (in negative curve)
   are germs/miracle curse (disgrace) on the
   families and environment
3. Some members of community still think that if
   Children with Special Needs go to regular
   schools, they will decrease the quality such
   schools
4. Accepting Children with Special Needs at regular
   schools will put more burden on teachers in
   implementing both teaching-earning and social
   tasks
5. Some members of community still think that
   Children with Special Needs must go to special
   schools.

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Toward Inclusive Education

1. Implementation of Inclusive School Model With
   Task-Satellite System
2. National Campaign on the importance of inclusive
   education
3. Improvement on capability of teachers, principals
   and supervisors under implementation of pre-in
   service training
4. Preparation for implementative technical manual
   for inclusive education