The Allied Victory Chapter 16.4

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The Allied VictoryChapter 16.4
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The Allied Victory

• December 22, 1941
• Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt meet to
  develop a war policy. Stalin had asked for help
  to split Germany into 2 separate fronts.

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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts

• The North African Campaign
• Rommel takes Tobruk, Libya June 1942 pushes
  toward Egypt
• British General Montgomery fiercely attacks at El
  Alamein, forces Rommel back and retreated west
• American forces land in Morocco, November 1942
  Operation Torch
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower American commander
  in Morocco
• In May 1943, Rommels forces were defeated by
  Eisenhower and Montgomerys forces

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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts

• The Battle for Stalingrad
• Summer 1942, German army moves to capture Soviet
  oil fields
• August 23, 1942, Battle of Stalingrad Soviets,
  Germans battle for control of city
• Luftwaffe nightly bombing raids on city
• By November Germans controlled 90 of city
  but then were surrounded and trapped
• By February 1943 90,000 frost bitten Germans
  surrendered

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The Tide Turns on Two Fronts

• The Invasion of Italy
• U.S., British forces land on, capture Sicily on
  July 19, 1943
• Mussolini loses power but Germans keep control of
  northern Italy
• Victor Emanuel III had him arrested
• Allies invade Italy, but Germans keep fighting
  there until war ends
• Italy surrenders September 3, 1943

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The Allied Home Front

• Mobilizing for War in US
• Fighting the war requires complete use of all
  national resources
• 17 to 18 million US workers many of them women
  make weapons
• People at home face shortages of consumer goods
• Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war
  effort
• War Limits Civil Rights
• Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear
• Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps
  in 1942

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US Mobilization
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WW2 in The Bay Area

• Shipbuilding, liberty ships.
• Supply the Pacific theater with ammunition, food
  and other supplies.
• Headquarters for Army, Navy.
• Massive increase in population
• Opportunities for minorities women.

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Japanese Internment
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Japanese Internment
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442nd Infantry Regiment
Japanese American Regiment Most decorated
regiment in WW2 21 Medals of Honor
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Victory in Europe

• The D-Day Invasion
• Allies plan invasion of France use deception to
  confuse Germans
• D-Day June 6,1944 day of Operation Overlord
  invasion of France
• Allied forces capture Normandy beaches liberate
  Paris by September
• The Battle of the Bulge
• US, British forces advance on Germany from west,
  Soviets from east
• Battle of the Bulge German counterattack in
  December 1944
• Germans gain early success but forced to retreat

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Battle of the Bulge, December 1944

• Last German offensive of the war
• Try to breakthrough Allied lines, cutoff supplies
• Germans are pushed back after initial successes

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Victory In Europe

• Germanys Unconditional Surrender
• By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two
  sides
• Soviets surrounded Berlin in April 1945
• Hitler commits suicide
• On May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrender.
• President Roosevelt dies in April Harry Truman
  becomes President

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Soviets Take Berlin, April, 1945
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Victory in the Pacific

• The Japanese in Retreat
• Allies move to retake the Philippines in late
  1944
• Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly
  damaged
• Kamikazes Japanese pilots who fly suicide
  missions.
• In March 1945, American forces capture Iwo Jima.
• US takes Okinawa in June 1945 Japan suffers huge
  casualties.

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Island Hopping
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Victory in the Pacific

• The Japanese Surrender
• Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will
  cost many lives
• He has alternative powerful new weapon called
  atomic bomb
• Manhattan Project secret program to develop the
  atomic bomb

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• Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945
  about 75,000 die
• Nagasaki bombed on August 9 70,000 die
  immediately
• Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945 on the
  battleship Missouri

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