For a periodic complex sound

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For a periodic complex sound

• Fundamental frequency Lowest frequency present
  in a complex wave
• OR
• More important HIGHEST frequency that is a
  factor of all other frequencies present in the
  sound
• Harmonics Integral multiples of fundamental
  frequency

2
Harmonics

• Fundamental frequency 100 Hz
• Second harmonic 2 100 200 Hz
• nth harmonic n100 Hz

3

• Line spectrum Discrete number of sinusoids
• Continuous spectrum Contains all frequencies
  within certain limits

4
Transients or clicks

• Very brief sounds
• Very short sine waves Spectrum contains multiple
  frequencies instead of one frequency.

5
1000 Hz, 1 sec
1000 Hz, 0.01 sec
1000 Hz, 0.001 sec
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Octave Scale of frequency

• One octave Doubling of frequency in Hz
• For example 100 to 200 Hz 1 Octave
• 200 to 400 Hz 1 Octave
• 400 to 800 Hz 1 Octave
• 100 to 400 Hz 2 Octaves
• 100 to 800 Hz ? Octaves
• 100 to 1600 Hz ? Octaves

7
Examples of periodic complex waves

• Sawtooth wave
• Sum of odd and even harmonics.
• -6 dB/octave slope
• Square wave Sum of odd harmonics. Example
• 500 Hz 1500 Hz 2500 Hz.
• -6 dB/octave slope
• Triangular wave
• Sum of odd harmonics.
• -12 dB/octave slope
• In all cases, equal starting phase for all
  components